Osmose ni ibintu aho amazi meza atemba ava mumuti unyuze mugice cya kabiri cyinjira mumuti mwinshi. Semi permeable bivuze ko membrane izemerera molekile nto na ion kunyuramo ariko ikora nkimbogamizi kuri molekile nini cyangwa ibintu byashonze. Guhindura Osmose ninzira ya Osmose muburyo butandukanye. Igisubizo kitibanze cyane kizaba gifite kamere yo kwimukira mubisubizo hamwe nibitekerezo byinshi.

Nigute Sisitemu ya Osmose ikora?

Osmose ihindagurika ni inzira ikuraho umwanda w’amahanga, ibintu bikomeye, molekile nini n’amabuye y'agaciro mu mazi ukoresheje igitutu cyo kuyisunika mu bice byihariye. Nuburyo bwo kweza amazi bukoreshwa mugutezimbere amazi yo kunywa, guteka nibindi bintu byingenzi ..

Niba nta muvuduko w'amazi uhari, amazi meza (amazi afite intumbero nkeya) yatunganijwe na osmose azimukira mumazi hamwe nubushakashatsi bwinshi. Amazi asunikwa muri semipermeable membrane. Akayunguruzo ka membrane gafite imyenge myinshi, ntoya nka microne 0.0001, ishobora gushungura hafi 99% byanduye nka bagiteri (hafi ya micron hafi 1), umwotsi w itabi (0.07 micron_, virusi (micron 0.02-0.04), nibindi kandi gusa molekile y'amazi meza irayinyuramo.

Isuku ya osmose isukuye irashobora gushungura imyunyu ngugu yose yingirakamaro umubiri wacu ukeneye, ariko nubuhanga bukomeye kandi bwemejwe bwo gutanga amazi meza kandi meza, abereye kunywa. Sisitemu ya RO igomba gutanga imyaka myinshi yamazi meza, kuburyo ushobora kuyanywa nta mpungenge.

Ni ukubera iki akayunguruzo ka membrane kagira akamaro mu kweza amazi?

Muri rusange, amazi yoza amazi yatunganijwe kugeza ubu ashyirwa mubice byinshi muburyo bwo kuyungurura amashanyarazi hamwe nuburyo bwo kweza amazi ya osmose hakoreshejwe membrane.

Akayunguruzo ka Membrane kitagira akayunguruzo gakorwa ahanini hamwe na karubone, iyungurura gusa uburyohe bubi, umunuko, chlorine, hamwe nibintu bimwe na bimwe kama mumazi ya robine. Ibice byinshi, nkibintu bidafite umubiri, ibyuma biremereye, imiti kama na kanseri, ntibishobora kuvaho no kunyuramo. Ku rundi ruhande, uburyo bwo kweza amazi ya Revers osmose ukoresheje membrane nuburyo bukunzwe cyane bwo kweza amazi kwisi ukoresheje amazi igice cya permeable membrane cyakozwe nubuhanga bugezweho bwa polymer. Nuburyo bwo kweza amazi anyura kandi agatandukanya akanakuraho imyunyu ngugu itandukanye, ibyuma biremereye, bagiteri, virusi, bagiteri, nibikoresho bya radio bikubiye mumazi ya robine kugirango akore amazi meza.

Igisubizo nuko igisubizo kibikwa kuruhande rwumuvuduko wa membrane kandi umusemburo wera wemerewe kunyura kurundi ruhande. Kugira ngo "uhitemo", iyi membrane ntigomba kwemerera molekile nini cyangwa ion zinyuze mu myobo (umwobo), ariko igomba kwemerera ibice bito byumuti (nka molekile zishonga, ni ukuvuga amazi, H2O) kunyura mubuntu.

Ibi ni ukuri cyane hano muri Californiya, aho ubukana bukabije mumazi ya robine. None se kuki utishimira amazi meza kandi meza hamwe na sisitemu ya osmose ihindagurika?

R / O Akayunguruzo

Mu ntangiriro ya 1950, Dr. Sidney Loeb muri UCLA yakoze osmose (RO) ifatika mu iterambere, hamwe na Srinivasa Sourirajan, igice cya anisotropic membrane. Ibibyimba bya osmose artificiel byakozwe muburyo budasanzwe bwo gutembera hamwe na poro ya micron 0.0001, miriyoni imwe yubunini bwimisatsi. Iyi membrane ni akayunguruzo kadasanzwe kakozwe na tekinoroji yubuhanga bwa polymer ko nta bihumanya imiti kimwe na bagiteri na virusi bishobora kunyuramo.

Iyo igitutu gishyizwe kumazi yanduye kugirango anyure muri iyi membrane idasanzwe, imiti iremereye ya molekuline, nk'amazi ya lime yashonga mu mazi, hamwe n’imiti iremereye ya molekile nka lime, yashonga mu mazi, inyuzwa mu gice cya kabiri cyinjira kandi gifite isuku gusa. amazi yuburemere buke bwa molekile hamwe na ogisijeni yashonze hamwe namabuye y'agaciro. Byaremewe gusohoka muri membrane hamwe nigitutu cyamazi mashya atanyura muri semipermeable membrane kandi akomeza gusunika.

Igisubizo nuko igisubizo kibikwa kuruhande rwumuvuduko wa membrane kandi umusemburo wera wemerewe kunyura kurundi ruhande. Kugira ngo "uhitemo", iyi membrane ntigomba kwemerera molekile nini cyangwa ion zinyuze mu myobo (umwobo), ariko igomba kwemerera ibice bito byumuti (nka molekile zishonga, ni ukuvuga amazi, H2O) kunyura mubuntu.

Membrane yatangijwe hagamijwe ubuvuzi, yatejwe imbere mu ntambara za gisirikare cyangwa guha abasirikari amazi meza yo kunywa, adahumanye, no kurushaho kweza inkari zo mu kirere zegeranijwe igihe ibintu bitunguranye bibaye mu bushakashatsi bw’ikirere. Irimo ikoreshwa mu kirere mu mazi yo kunywa, kandi vuba aha, amasosiyete akomeye y’ibinyobwa akoresha ibikoresho binini byogeza amazi mu nganda mu gukora amacupa, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya amazi yo mu rugo.