Osmosis ni ikintu aho amazi meza aturuka mu gisubizo cya dilute anyuze mu gisubizo gito kinyuramo akagera ku gisubizo kinini. Igisubizo gito kinyuramo bivuze ko igisubizo kizatuma molekile nto na iyoni binyuramo ariko bigakora nk'imbogamizi kuri molekile nini cyangwa ibintu byashongeshejwe. Osmosis yo mu gisubizo ni inzira ya Osmosis mu gisubizo. Igisubizo gito kizagira ubushake bwo kwimukira mu gisubizo gifite igisubizo kinini.

Sisitemu ya Reverse Osmosis ikora ite?

Reverse osmosis ni inzira ikuraho imyanda y’amahanga, ibintu bikomeye, molekile nini n’imyunyu ngugu mu mazi hakoreshejwe igitutu kugira ngo inyure mu ruhu rwabugenewe. Ni uburyo bwo gusukura amazi bukoreshwa mu kunoza amazi yo kunywa, guteka n’ibindi bikorwa by’ingenzi.

Iyo nta muvuduko w'amazi uhari, amazi meza (amazi afite igipimo gito) asukurwa na osmosis azagera mu mazi afite igipimo kinini. Amazi anyura mu gice cy'umubiri gishobora kwinjiramo. Iki cyuma gifite imyenge myinshi, mikoroni ntoya nka 0.0001, gishobora kuyungurura hafi 99% by'ibintu byanduye nka bagiteri (hafi mikoroni 1), umwotsi w'itabi (0.07 mikoroni, virusi (0.02-0.04 mikoroni), nibindi. Kandi molekile z'amazi meza gusa ni zo zinyuramo.

Gusukura amazi hakoreshejwe reverse osmosis bishobora kuyungurura imyunyu ngugu yose y'ingirakamaro umubiri wacu ukeneye, ariko ni ikoranabuhanga ryiza kandi ryemewe ryo gukora amazi meza kandi meza, akwiriye kunyobwa. Sisitemu ya RO igomba gutanga amazi meza cyane imyaka myinshi, kugira ngo uyanywe nta mpungenge.

Kuki akayunguruzo k'urukiramende gafasha mu gusukura amazi?

Muri rusange, ibikoresho bisukura amazi byakozwe kugeza ubu bishyirwa mu byiciro bitandukanye birimo uburyo bwo kuyungurura amazi budafite membrane n'uburyo bwo gusukura amazi hakoreshejwe membrane.

Kuyungurura amazi mu buryo butagira uturemangingo (membrane-free filter) ahanini bikorwa hifashishijwe akayunguruzo ka karuboni, gasukura gusa uburyohe bubi, impumuro mbi, chlorine, n'ibindi bintu by'umwimerere biri mu mazi ya robine. Uduce twinshi, nk'ibintu bitagira umwimerere, ibyuma biremereye, imiti ikomoka ku bimera n'ibitera kanseri, ntidushobora gukurwaho ngo tunyurwemo. Ku rundi ruhande, uburyo bwo gusukura amazi hakoreshejwe membrane ni bwo buryo bukundwa cyane ku isi bwo gusukura amazi hakoreshejwe membrane ikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya polymer. Ni uburyo bwo gusukura amazi bunyuramo bugatandukanya kandi bugakuraho imyunyu ngugu itandukanye idafite umwimerere, ibyuma biremereye, bagiteri, virusi, bagiteri, n'ibintu bifite imirasire irimo imirasire biri mu mazi ya robine kugira ngo hakorwe amazi meza.

Ingaruka ni uko ingano y'amazi iguma ku ruhande rw'umuvuduko w'amazi, maze ingano y'amazi isukuye yemererwa kunyura ku rundi ruhande. Kugira ngo ibe "ihitamo", iyi ngano ntigomba kwemerera molekile nini cyangwa iyoni mu myenge (imyobo), ahubwo igomba kwemerera ibice bito by'umuti (nk'amamolekile asukura, ni ukuvuga amazi, H2O) gutambuka neza.

Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane hano muri Kaliforuniya, aho ubukana bukabije mu mazi ya robine. None se kuki utanywa amazi meza kandi afite umutekano hamwe na sisitemu yo kugarura amazi mu buryo bunyuranye?

Akayunguruzo ka R/O Membrane

Mu ntangiriro za 1950, Dr. Sidney Loeb wo muri UCLA yashyize mu bikorwa reverse osmosis (RO) afatanyije na Srinivasa Sourirajan, uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo tw’ubukorano. Uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo tw’ubukorano ni uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo tw’ubukorano tw’ubukorano dufite imyenge ya mikoroni 0.0001, ubunini bwa miliyoni imwe y’umusatsi. Uru ruremangingo ni akayunguruzo kidasanzwe kakozwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya polymeri ritanduye imiti ndetse na bagiteri na virusi.

Iyo hashyizwe igitutu ku mazi yanduye kugira ngo anyure muri uru ruhererekane rwihariye, imiti ifite uburemere bwinshi bwa molekile, nk'amazi ya lime ashongeshejwe mu mazi, n'imiti ifite uburemere bwinshi bwa molekile nka lime, ishongeshejwe mu mazi, inyuzwa mu ruhererekane rw'amazi rushobora kwinjiramo amazi make gusa afite uburemere buke bwa molekile na ogisijeni ishongeshejwe n'utundi duce tw'imyunyu ngugu. Byagenewe gusohoka mu ruhererekane bitewe n'igitutu cy'amazi mashya atanyura mu ruhererekane rw'amazi adashobora kwinjiramo kandi agakomeza kwinjiramo.

Ingaruka ni uko ingano y'amazi iguma ku ruhande rw'umuvuduko w'amazi, maze ingano y'amazi isukuye yemererwa kunyura ku rundi ruhande. Kugira ngo ibe "ihitamo", iyi ngano ntigomba kwemerera molekile nini cyangwa iyoni mu myenge (imyobo), ahubwo igomba kwemerera ibice bito by'umuti (nk'amamolekile asukura, ni ukuvuga amazi, H2O) gutambuka neza.

Uduce tw’inyuma, twatangijwe mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi, twakorewe intambara ya gisirikare cyangwa kugira ngo duhe abasirikare amazi meza kandi adahumanye, kandi twongere dusukure inkari z’umunyejuru zakusanyijwe iyo habayeho ibintu bitunguranye mu gihe cyo gushakisha mu isanzure. Turimo gukoreshwa mu by’indege mu mazi yo kunywa, kandi vuba aha, amasosiyete akomeye acuruza ibinyobwa arimo gukoresha imashini nini zisukura amazi mu nganda mu gukora amacupa, kandi zikoreshwa cyane mu imashini zisukura amazi mu ngo.