Dushobora kubona komisiyo dukoresheje amahuza ari kuri uru rupapuro, ariko tugusaba gusa ibicuruzwa tugarura. Kuki watwizera?
Gushyiramo akayunguruzo k'amazi munsi y'amazi ni uburyo bwihuse, bworoshye kandi buhendutse bwo gutanga amazi meza kandi aryoshye kuri robine yawe. Kuvugurura bishobora kuba ingenzi kurusha uko ubyibwira: Nubwo Amerika ifite amazi meza yo kunywa ku isi, ntabwo ari ingirakamaro cyane. Amazi ya robine yanduye ni ikibazo gikomeje, si ahantu nka Flint, muri Michigan gusa.
Ingo zigera kuri miliyoni 10 z'Abanyamerika zihujwe n'amazi binyuze mu miyoboro y'amazi n'imiyoboro ya serivisi, niyo mpamvu Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) kirimo gushimangira amategeko yacyo y'amazi n'umuringa. Hanyuma hari ikibazo cya PFAS (mu magambo ahinnye avuga ibintu bivanze na perfluorine na polyfluoroalkyl). Ingingo ishyushye mu nama ya GH yo mu 2021 ivuga ku iterambere ry'ibidukikije, ibi bintu byitwa imiti ihoraho - ikoreshwa mu gukora bimwe mu bicuruzwa bikoreshwa n'abaguzi ndetse n'ifuro ryo kuzimya inkongi - birimo kwanduza amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka ku buryo EPA yasohoye raporo ku nama y'ubuzima.
Ariko nubwo amazi yo mu rugo rwawe yaba adahumanye, ashobora kuba afite impumuro idasanzwe kuko amazi rusange akoresha chlorine mu kwica bagiteri zitera indwara nka Salmonella na Campylobacter. Niyo mpamvu impuguke zo mu kigo cyita ku ruganda Good Housekeeping Institute zigerageza ubwoko bwose bw'ibicuruzwa biyungurura amazi, kuva ku biyungurura amazi byoroshye kugeza ku bisubizo byo mu nzu yose. Nubwo aya mahitamo afite umwanya wayo ku isoko, abahanga bacu bavuga ko ibiyungurura amazi biri munsi y'amazi ari byiza ku ngo nyinshi.
Nk’uko izina ribigaragaza, ibyuma biyungurura munsi y’amazi bishyirwa mu tubati turi munsi y’isahani yo mu gikoni; icyuma gitanga amazi gikunze kuba kiri iruhande rw’isahani yo mu gikoni. Injeniyeri zacu zasanze ibyuma biyungurura munsi y’isahani byiza bikora akazi keza ko gukuraho imyanda idapfundikiye. Babikora bitonze. "Ibiyungurura munsi y’isahani bifata umwanya mu tubati, ariko ntibivangavanga nk’ibyuma biyungurura ku meza, kandi ntabwo binini nk’ibyuma biyungurura ku mazi," nk’uko bivugwa n’umuhanga mukuru Rachel Rothman. Ishuri Rikuru rya Good Housekeeping, ni we ukurikirana isuzuma ryacu rya filter y’amazi.
Kugira ngo bagabanye urutonde rw'abagomba kugabanywa, impuguke zacu zasuzumye gusa ibyuma biyungurura amazi byemejwe na NSF International, umuryango ushyiraho amahame ngenderwaho y'ubuzima rusange na gahunda zo kwemeza inganda. Mu myaka yashize, twasuzumye amakuru menshi, nko kugenzura ko ibyuma biyungurura amazi byemejwe n'amabwiriza ya NSF (amwe mu mahame akubiyemo gusa ibyuma biyungurura amazi, nka NSF 372, mu gihe andi arimo uburozi bw'ubuhinzi n'inganda, nka NSF 401). Nk'igice cy'igerageza ryacu ryakozwe n'abahanga, abahanga bacu basuzumye ibintu nk'umuvuduko w'amazi n'uburyo byoroshye gushyiraho no gusimbuza icyuma giyungurura amazi.” Rothman yagize ati: “Twazirikanye kandi amateka y'iki kigo n'uburyo cyizewe, dupima ibyuma biyungurura amazi mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo mu ngo zacu no muri laboratwari.”
Mu myaka 25 ishize, Aquasana yubatse izina ryayo nk'iy'ingenzi mu kuyungurura amazi. Akayunguruzo kayo kari munsi y'amazi gafite ibyiciro bitatu kahawe amanota menshi n'abahanga bacu kubera ikoranabuhanga ryayo rishya ryo kuyungurura amazi menshi, rikaba ryarahawe icyemezo cya NSF cyo gufata ibintu 77 birimo ibyuma biremereye, imiti yica udukoko, imiti n'umuti wo mu mazi. Ni imwe muri akayunguruzo gake gafite icyemezo cyo gukuraho PFAS, ari nayo mpamvu ikomeye yatumye Dr. Birnur Aral, Umuyobozi wa Laboratwari y'Ubuzima, Ubwiza, Ibidukikije no Kubungabunga Ubusugire bwa GH, abika aka gasuku mu rugo rwe. Nkuko yabigaragaje, nubwo ayikoresha buri gitondo mu bintu byose kuva mu guteka kugeza ku kongeramo imashini ya kawa, aka gasuku gashobora kuyungurura amazi yose nta gufunga vuba cyangwa ngo kagabanuke - byinshi umunsi wose, birumvikana ko karimo amazi menshi! • Ubwoko bw'akayunguruzo: Akayunguruzo kabanje, Karubone ikora, na Karubone ikora neza hamwe n'ihindagurika rya Ion • Ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura: litiro 800 • Igiciro cya kayunguruzo ku mwaka: $140
Nubwo tutaragerageza ubu buryo, Culligan ni izina ryizewe mu kuyungurura amazi rifite amateka meza mu isuzuma rya Good Housekeeping ryabanje. Uretse ikiguzi gito cya mbere, kuyungurura amazi birahendutse cyane. Yemejwe ko ifata ibintu bitandukanye bihumanya, birimo lisansi, mercure, na cysts, kandi ivuga ko igabanya uburyohe n'impumuro ya chlorine. Ibyo bivuzwe, kuyungurura kwayo kwa granular activated carbon ntabwo bikomeye nk'ibindi bicuruzwa bikomeye: Urugero, akayungurura ntabwo kemejwe na NSF Standard 401, ikubiyemo imiti, imiti yica udukoko, n'imiti yica udukoko. EZ-Change ishobora kuyungurura litiro 500 mbere yo gukenera gusimburwa. Ibyo ni iby'icyubahiro ku kayungurura gahendutse, ariko kari munsi ya litiro 700 kugeza 800 twabonye mu zindi moderi. • Ubwoko bwa kayungurura: Karubone ikozwe mu granular • Ubushobozi bwa kayungurura: litiro 400 • Igiciro cya kayungurura ku mwaka: $80
Niba ububiko bw'akabati mu gikoni cyawe buri ku giciro cyiza, uzakunda imiterere mito ya filter ya MultiPure iri munsi y'akabati. Mu igerageza ryo mu murima, abahanga bacu basanze agakingirizo ka 5.8″ x 5.8″ x 8.5″ gashobora gushyirwa ku rukuta rw'akabati, bigatuma haboneka umwanya uhagije wo gushyiramo ibindi bintu munsi y'akabati. Gutangira gushyiraho biroroshye, kandi gusimbuza aka kabati biroroshye. Yemejwe n'amahame ya NSF 42, 53 na 401, aka kabati gakomeye gafite ubushobozi bwo gufata ibintu byinshi byanduye. Abapimye bacu bavuga ko iyo aka kabati gahinduwe buri mwaka, amazi aguma akomeye kandi ahamye iyo amazi yo mu rugo akoreshejwe cyane. • Ubwoko bw'aka kabati: Agakingirizo gakomeye ka karubone • Ubushobozi bw'aka karubone: Galoni 750 • Igiciro cy'aka karubone ku mwaka: $96
Nubwo bidahendutse, filter za Waterdrop munsi y’amazi zigura amagana y’amadolari make ugereranyije n’izindi sisitemu za reverse osmosis (RO). Nk’uko uwakoze iyi porogaramu abivuga, imiterere yayo idakoresha tanki irinda umwanya kandi ikoresha amazi neza. Nubwo tutaragerageza iyi mashini, raporo zakozwe ku ikoranabuhanga rya RO zemeje ko ifite akamaro mu gufata imyanda. Waterdrop yemejwe na NSF 58, imwe mu mabwiriza yo hejuru, bityo ishobora kwihanganira ibintu byose kuva ku byuma biremereye kugeza ku miti kugeza kuri PFAS. Injeniyeri zacu zikunda imiterere y’iyi mashini, harimo n’urumuri rwerekana icyuma kuri robine n’akamashini gapima icyuma kakubwira ingano ya TDS cyangwa ibintu byose byashongeshejwe byakuwe mu mazi. Icyitonderwa: Bitandukanye n’izindi filters muri iyi nyigo, Waterdrop ntikwiriye amazi yo mu iriba kuko kuba hari uduce duto dushobora gutuma amazi afungana.
Utwuma twinshi two gushungura amazi two mu ngo ni two dukoreshwa cyane, bivuze ko twagenewe kuyungurura amazi yo mu robine imwe. Iyi nkuru yibanda ku tuyumu duto duto dukoresha utwuma duto dukoresha utwuma dutanga amazi nk'utwo dusukura amazi; abahanga bacu baradukunda kuko duhuza imikorere n'igishushanyo mbonera gisukuye kandi kidasesagura umwanya. Hari ubundi bwoko burimo:
✔️ Utwuma two gucupa amazi: Utu ducupa tw'amazi ni amahitamo ahendutse kandi yoroshye dufite akayunguruzo kari mu bwato gatuma amazi yinjira. Ni meza ku ngano nto, ariko si amahitamo meza niba ukoresha amazi yayunguruwe mu guteka no kunywa cyangwa ufite abantu benshi bo mu muryango wawe.
✔️ Akayunguruzo k'amazi muri firigo: Niba firigo yawe ifite akayunguruzo gatanga amazi, birashoboka ko ifite akayunguruzo, akenshi hejuru y'icyuma, nubwo bamwe mu bakora bakabihisha inyuma y'agace ko kugabanyamo ibice biri hasi. Icyitonderwa: Nk'uko Ishyirahamwe ry'Abakora Ibikoresho byo mu Rugo ribivuga, hari akayunguruzo kenshi k'impimbano ka firigo kagurishwa kuri interineti, kandi imiterere mibi y'ibikoresho bivuze ko bishobora kwangiza byinshi kuruta ibyiza. Menya neza ko ibyo waguze byose byemewe nibura na NSF Standard 42 kugira ngo umenye neza ko ibice by'akayunguruzo bitazashyiramo umwanda mu mazi, kandi ko ari akayunguruzo kemewe n'uruganda.
✔️ Akayunguruzo k'amazi ko ku meza: Ukoresheje ubu buryo, akayunguruzo kaba ku meza kandi kagahuza neza na robine yawe. Ibi bivuze ko udakeneye guhindura imiyoboro y'amazi, kandi gashobora gushyirwaho byoroshye. Ariko utu twuma twuzura ahantu ho gusinzira, kandi ntidukorana na robine zikururwa.
✔️ Akayunguruzo k'amazi gashyirwa ku robine: Muri ubu buryo, akayunguruzo gashyirwa ku robine yawe. Inyinshi muri zo zigufasha guhinduranya amazi ayunguruye n'adafite akayunguruzo. Nubwo byoroshye cyane gushyiraho, asa n'aho adakora neza, kandi ntakora na robine zikururwa.
✔️ Utwuma tw’amazi two mu nzu yose: Dushyirwa ku muyoboro w’amazi mukuru wo mu rugo kugira ngo dufate imyanda n’utundi duce tunini dukunze kuboneka mu mazi yo mu iriba. Impuguke zacu zitugira inama yo gushyiraho akayunguruzo ka kabiri gakoreshwa kugira ngo dukureho imyanda mito.
Inyinshi mu mashini ziyungurura amazi mu ngo zikoresha amazi mu bikoresho bikora, nka karuboni cyangwa amakara, kugira ngo zikureho imyanda binyuze mu buryo bwa shimi. Mu buryo bunyuranye, reverse osmosis (RO) ifata imyanda inyuza amazi afite umuvuduko mu gice cy’amazi gishobora kwinjiramo. Ubu buryo burakora neza cyane.
Ingorane ni uko sisitemu za RO zikunze guhenda kandi zigapfusha ubusa amazi menshi, kandi zisaba ikigega kinini cyo kubikamo, bityo ntizishobora gushyirwa munsi y'igikoni. Ariko ikoranabuhanga rikomeje guhanga udushya, harimo n'imiterere mito, idakoresha ikigega nka verisiyo ya Waterdrop iri ku rutonde rwacu. Nubwo bimeze bityo, mbere yo kugura akayunguruzo k'amazi ka RO, impuguke zacu zikugira inama yo kugerageza amazi yawe kugira ngo zimenye niba akayunguruzo gasanzwe kazatanga uburinzi buhagije.
Niba ukuramo amazi mu mujyi wawe, ugomba kubona Raporo y’Icyizere cy’Abaguzi (CCR) ikubwira imyanda yabonetse mu mazi yo mu mujyi wawe mu mwaka ushize. Aya ni amakuru y’ingirakamaro, ariko niba ibikoresho biteje akaga biva mu ruganda bikinjira mu mazi yawe, harimo n’imiyoboro y’amazi mu rugo rwawe (niba yubatswe mbere ya 1986). Hariho kandi ingo miliyoni 13 zo muri Amerika zikoresha amariba y’abantu ku giti cyabo ariko ntizihabwe CCR. Niyo mpamvu ari byiza gupima amazi yawe buri gihe.
Ibikoresho byo kwifashisha mu gukora, harimo n’ibyo muri GH Seal Holder Safe Home, birahendutse kandi byoroshye gukoresha; Ibikoresho bya Safe Home ni $30 ku mazi yo mu mujyi, na $35 ku isoko ryigenga. “Ugomba kumenya ibiri mu mazi yawe,” ibi ni ibyavuzwe na Chris Myers, perezida wa Lab y’ibidukikije, ikora ibyo bikoresho. “Muri ubwo buryo ushobora gushyira laser ku cyuma cy’amazi kandi kizakuraho ibyo ukeneye gukuraho.”
Nubwo buri sisitemu yihariye, sisitemu nyinshi ziza zifite utuzu duto dushyirwa ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'akabati k'ubusitani. Impera imwe y'akayunguruzo ihujwe n'umuyoboro w'amazi akonje hamwe n'umuyoboro woroshye. Ihuzwa rya kabiri riva ku rundi ruhande rw'akayunguruzo rijya ku gikoresho gitanga amazi, kiri ku gisenge cyawe.
Gushyiramo icyuma gitanga amazi akenshi ni cyo kintu kigoye cyane, kuko bisaba gucukura imyobo muri konteri. Umuntu ushoboye gukora DIY agomba kuba ashoboye gukora umushinga, ariko niba udafite uburambe, byaba byiza uhaye akazi umufundi w'amazi, cyane cyane niba imiyoboro yawe y'amazi igomba guhindurwa.