TDS. RO. GPD. NSF 53. Niba wigeze kumva ukeneye impamyabumenyi ya siyansi kugira ngo wumve urupapuro rw'ibicuruzwa by'umuvumbuzi w'amazi, ntabwo uri wenyine. Ibikoresho byo kwamamaza akenshi bisa nkaho bivuga mu buryo bw'ibanga, bigatuma bigorana kumenya icyo ugura koko. Reka dusobanure amagambo y'ingenzi kugira ngo ubashe guhaha ufite icyizere.

Ubwa mbere, kuki ibi ari ingenzi?

Kumenya ururimi ntabwo ari ukuba inzobere mu ikoranabuhanga. Ni ukugabanya urujijo rwo kwamamaza kugira ngo wibaze ikibazo kimwe cyoroshye: “Ese iyi mashini izakemura ibibazo byihariye hamwemyamazi?” Aya magambo ni yo mabwiriza yo kubona igisubizo cyawe.

Igice cya 1: Amagambo ahinnye (Ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze)

• RO (Reverse Osmosis): Iyi ni icyuma giterura ibintu biremereye. Tekereza ku ruhu rw'amazi nk'urushundura rwiza cyane amazi anyuramo iyo arimo ashyushye. Rukuraho imyanda hafi ya yose, harimo imyunyu yashongeshejwe, ibyuma biremereye (nk'ubutare bw'icyuma), virusi na bagiteri. Impuzandengo ni uko ikuraho imyunyu ngugu kandi igapfusha ubusa amazi amwe muri icyo gikorwa.
• UF (Ultrafiltration): Ni nziza cyane kurusha RO. Ururenda rwa UF rufite imyenge minini. Ni rwiza mu gukuraho uduce duto, ingese, bagiteri, na cysts, ariko ntirushobora gukuraho imyunyu yashongeshejwe cyangwa ibyuma biremereye. Ni nziza cyane ku mazi yatunganyijwe n'ubuyobozi bw'umujyi aho intego nyamukuru ari uburyohe bwiza n'umutekano nta gupfusha ubusa sisitemu ya RO.
• UV (Ultraviolet): Iyi si filter; ni umuti wica udukoko. Umucyo wa UV ukuraho udukoko nka bagiteri na virusi, ukangiza ADN yazo kugira ngo zitabasha kororoka. Nta ngaruka bigira ku binyabutabire, ibyuma, cyangwa uburyohe. Ikoreshwa hafi ya buri gihemu buryo buhuriwehohamwe n'izindi filters zo gusukura burundu.
• TDS (Ibinyabutabire byose byashongeshejwe): Iki ni igipimo, si ikoranabuhanga. Ibipimo bya TDS bipima ubwinshi bw'ibintu byose bidafite umwimerere n'ibikomoka ku bimera bishongeshejwe mu mazi yawe—akenshi ni imyunyu ngugu n'umunyu (calcium, magnesium, potasiyumu, sodium). TDS nyinshi (urugero, hejuru ya 500 ppm) akenshi bivuze ko ukeneye sisitemu ya RO kugira ngo wongere uburyohe kandi ugabanye ubunini. Incamake y'ingenzi: Kumenya TDS nke ntibisobanura ko amazi ari meza—ashobora kuba arimo bagiteri cyangwa imiti.
• GPD (Galoni Ku Munsi): Iki ni igipimo cy'ubushobozi. Kikubwira umubare w'amazi meza sisitemu ishobora gukora mu masaha 24. Sisitemu ya GPD 50 ni nziza ku bashakanye, ariko umuryango w'abantu bane ushobora gushaka GPD 75-100 kugira ngo wirinde gutegereza ko ikigega cyuzuzwa.

Igice cya 2: Impamyabushobozi (Ibimenyetso by'Icyizere)

Uku ni ko ugenzura ibyo ikigo kivuga. Ntugafate ijambo ryabo gusa.

• Amahame ngenderwaho ya NSF/ANSI: Aya ni yo mahame ngenderwaho y’agaciro. Icyemezo cyigenga cya NSF bivuze ko ibicuruzwa byapimwe mu buryo bw’umubiri kandi byagaragaye ko bigabanya ubwandu runaka.
  • NSF/ANSI 42: Yemeza akayunguruzo kagabanya chlorine, uburyohe, n'impumuro (imiterere y'ubwiza).
  • NSF/ANSI 53: Yemeza akayunguruzo kagabanya imyanda ku buzima nka lead, mercure, cysts, na VOCs.
  • NSF/ANSI 58: Igipimo ngenderwaho cyihariye cya sisitemu ya Reverse Osmosis.
• Ikimenyetso cya zahabu cya WQA: Icyemezo cy’ishyirahamwe ry’ubuziranenge bw’amazi ni ikindi kimenyetso cyemewe, nk’icya NSF.
• Icyo wakora: Mu gihe uguze, shakisha ikirango cy’impamyabushobozi n’inomero nyayo ku gicuruzwa cyangwa urubuga. Ikirego kidasobanutse neza nka "cyujuje ibisabwa na NSF" ntabwo ari kimwe no kuba wemewe ku mugaragaro.

Igice cya 3: Amagambo asanzwe (ariko ateye urujijo)

• Amazi ya Alkaline/Mineral: Hari filters zongera imyunyu ngugu mu mazi ya RO cyangwa zigakoresha ceramics zidasanzwe kugira ngo zongere pH (bigatuma aside idahagije). Ibyiza bivugwa ku buzima biravugwaho rumwe, ariko abantu benshi bakunda uburyohe bwabyo.
• ZeroWater®: Iri ni izina ry’ikirango cy’abakoresha icyuma gikoresha icyuma gipima ibice 5 kirimo resin ya ion-exchange, ikaba ari nziza cyane mu kugabanya TDS ku mazi meza cyane. Ibice byabyo bikunda gukenera gusimburwa kenshi mu bice by’amazi akomeye.
• Kuyungurura ibice (urugero, Icyiciro cya 5): Ibyiciro byinshi ntabwo ari byiza mu buryo bwikora. Bisobanura ibice bitandukanye by'urufunguzo. Sisitemu isanzwe ya RO y'ibice 5 ishobora kuba: 1) Akayunguruzo k'ibimera, 2) Akayunguruzo ka karuboni, 3) Urufunguzo rwa RO, 4) Akayunguruzo ka karuboni nyuma y'urufunguzo, 5) Akayunguruzo ka alkaline. Sobanukirwa icyo buri cyiciro gikora.

Urupapuro rwawe rw'uburiganya mu gushakisha imvugo isanzwe kugira ngo ugure

1. Gerageza mbere. Shaka igipimo cyoroshye cya TDS cyangwa umurongo w'igerageza. TDS/imyunyu ngugu irimo TDS nyinshi? Ushobora kuba uri umukandida wa RO. Urashaka uburyohe/impumuro nziza kurushaho? Akayunguruzo ka karuboni (NSF 42) gashobora kuba gahagije.
2. Huza icyemezo n'ikibazo. Urahangayikishijwe n'uburozi bw'ibirungo cyangwa imiti? Reba gusa ubwoko bufite NSF/ANSI 53 cyangwa 58. Ntukishyure sisitemu yemewe n'ubuzima niba ukeneye gusa kunoza uburyohe.
3. Irengagize ibivugwa bidasobanutse. Ntugatekereze ku "gukuraho uburozi" cyangwa "guha imbaraga." Ibande ku kugabanya ubwandu mu buryo bwihariye kandi bwemejwe.
4. Kora imibare y'ubushobozi. Sisitemu ya 50 GPD itanga litiro zigera kuri 0.035 ku munota. Niba kuzuza icupa rya litiro 1 bitwara amasegonda arenga 45, ni byo koko. Hitamo GPD ijyanye n'ukwihangana kwawe.