Twigenga kugenzura ibyo dusaba byose. Mugihe uguze binyuze mumihuza yacu, dushobora kubona komisiyo. Shakisha byinshi>
Amazi manini ya Berkey yungurura afite umuco ukurikira. Tumaze imyaka myinshi dukora ubushakashatsi mubibindi byiza byo kuyungurura amazi nibyiza munsi yayungurura amazi, kandi twabajijwe inshuro nyinshi kuri Big Berkey. Uruganda ruvuga ko akayunguruzo gashobora gukuraho umwanda mwinshi kuruta ayandi muyunguruzi. Ariko, bitandukanye nubundi buryo bwo kuyungurura, Big Berkey ntabwo yemerewe kwigenga kubipimo bya NSF / ANSI.
Nyuma yamasaha 50 yubushakashatsi hamwe no gupima laboratoire yigenga yakozwe na Big Berkey, ibisubizo byikizamini, kimwe nibisubizo by'indi laboratoire twavuganye na laboratoire ya gatatu ibisubizo biboneka kumugaragaro, ntabwo bihuye rwose. Twizera ko ibi byerekana akamaro k'icyemezo cya NSF / ANSI: cyemerera abantu gufata ibyemezo byo kugura bishingiye kubikorwa byizewe bya pome na pome. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko sisitemu ya Big Berkey ari nini, ihenze cyane, kandi iragoye kuyifata kuruta ibibindi bitarohama hamwe na filteri, ntitwabisaba nubwo byemejwe.
Sisitemu ya konte ya Berkey na filteri ihenze cyane kurenza ubundi buryo bwo kuyungurura amazi kandi ntibyoroshye gukoresha. Ibikorwa byabashoramari ntibisabwa kwigenga kubipimo byigihugu.
New Millennium Concepts, uwakoze uruganda runini rwa Berkey, avuga ko akayunguruzo gashobora gukuraho umwanda urenga ijana, kikaba kirenze cyane ayandi mashanyarazi agaburirwa imbaraga. Twagerageje ibi birego ku rugero ruto, kandi ibisubizo byacu ntabwo buri gihe byari bihuye n'ibisubizo bya laboratoire byatanzwe na New Millennium. By'umwihariko, ibisubizo bivuye muri laboratoire twashinzwe no muri laboratoire New Millennium yari iherutse kugirana amasezerano byerekanaga ko kuyungurura chloroform bitagize akamaro nkikizamini cya gatatu cyabanjirije iki (nacyo kikaba cyaravuzwe no mubitabo byibicuruzwa bya Millenium).
Nta na kimwe mu bizamini twavuze hano (haba ibizamini byacu cyangwa ibizamini bya Envirotek cyangwa ibizamini bya New Millennium Laboratoire ya Los Angeles County) byujuje ubuziranenge bw'ikizamini cya NSF / ANSI. By'umwihariko, NSF / ANSI yasabye ko ubwoko bwa filteri yakoreshejwe na Berkey bugomba kurenga inshuro ebyiri ubushobozi bwagenwe bwa filteri inyuzwamo amazi y’amazi mbere yo gupima. Mugihe ibizamini byose twagiranye na New Millennium aribyo, uko tubizi, byuzuye kandi byumwuga, buriwese akoresha ibyayo, bike cyane bikoresha umurimo. Kubera ko nta na kimwe mu bizamini byakozwe ku bipimo byuzuye bya NSF / ANSI, nta buryo busobanutse dufite bwo kugereranya neza ibisubizo cyangwa kugereranya imikorere rusange ya filteri ya Burkey n'ibyo twapimishije kera.
Agace kamwe abantu bose bemeranijweho ni ugukuraho isasu mumazi yo kunywa, byerekanaga ko Big Berkey yakoze akazi keza ko gukuraho ibyuma biremereye. Niba rero ufite ikibazo kizwi na gurş cyangwa ibindi byuma mumazi yawe, birashobora kuba byiza kureba muri Big Berks nkigipimo cyigihe gito.
Usibye ingorane zo kugereranya ibisubizo bya laboratoire bivuguruzanya, Ibitekerezo bishya bya Millenium ntabwo byashubije ibyifuzo byinshi byabajijwe kugirango tuganire kubyo twabonye. Muri rusange, raporo zacu ziduha kumva neza sisitemu ya Berkey, siko bimeze kubandi bakora inganda nyinshi.
Kubyungurura amazi ya burimunsi, ibyinshi muri NSF / ANSI byemewe nibibindi hamwe na filtri munsi ya sink ni bito, byoroshye, bihendutse kugura no kubungabunga, kandi byoroshye gukoresha. Batanga kandi kubazwa bijyana no kwipimisha kwigenga kandi mucyo.
Wibuke ko amazi menshi ya komine afite umutekano muke, keretse keretse niba uzi ko hari ikibazo cyaho, birashoboka ko utazakenera kuyungurura kubwimpamvu zubuzima. Niba kwitegura byihutirwa ari ikibazo gikomeye kuri wewe, suzuma inama ziva mu gitabo cyihutirwa cyo kwitegura cyihutirwa, gikubiyemo ibicuruzwa ninama zo gukomeza amazi meza.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2016, nakurikiranye ubuyobozi bwacu kuyungurura amazi, harimo ibibindi hamwe na sisitemu yo munsi. John Holecek yahoze ari umushakashatsi wa NOAA wadukoreye ibizamini by’ikirere n’amazi kuva mu 2014. Yatanze ibisubizo by’ibizamini kandi akorana na laboratoire yigenga mu izina rya Wirecutter kugira ngo yandike iki gitabo ndetse n’ubuyobozi bwo kuyungurura ibibindi. EnviroMatrix Analytical yemerewe n’ishami ry’ubuzima rusange rya Californiya gupima buri gihe amazi yo kunywa.
Sisitemu nini yo kuyungurura hamwe na sisitemu isa na Alexapure na ProOne (yahoze yitwa Propur) irazwi cyane mubantu bishingikiriza kumazi meza, ashobora kuba arimo umwanda ushobora gukurwaho n’inganda zitunganya amazi ya komini. Burkey ifite kandi abayoboke benshi mu nzobere mu gutegura ibiza ndetse n'abashidikanya kuri leta. 1 Abacuruzi ba Berkey bamamaza ubwo buryo nkibikoresho by’umutekano byihutirwa, kandi ukurikije ibigereranyo bimwe bishobora gutanga amazi yo kuyungurura kugeza ku bantu 170 kumunsi.
Impamvu yaba ari yo yose yo gushishikazwa na Berkey cyangwa ubundi buryo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kuyungurura amazi, tugomba gushimangira ko amazi menshi ya komine muri Amerika afite isuku cyane gutangiriraho. Nta muyunguruzi ushobora gukuraho umwanda utari uhari, keretse keretse ufite ikibazo kizwi, birashoboka ko utazakenera akayunguruzo na gato.
Abakora Big Berkey bavuga ko igikoresho gishobora gukuraho umwanda urenga ijana (byinshi kuruta ibindi byose bigaburira imbaraga za filteri twasuzumye). Kubera ko iyi filteri itemewe na NSF / ANSI (bitandukanye nizindi filtri zose dusaba mubindi biyobora), ntabwo dufite ishingiro rifatika ryo kubigereranya nandi mashusho twagerageje kera. Twahisemo rero gukora ibizamini byigenga kugirango tugerageze kwigana bimwe mubisubizo.
Kugirango ugerageze ibi birego, kimwe nikizamini cya kanseri, John Holecek yateguye icyo yise "ibisubizo byikibazo" maze abinyuza muri sisitemu ya Big Berkey (ifite akayunguruzo ka Black Berkey). Nyuma yohereje ingero z'umuti n'amazi ayungurura muri EnviroMatrix Analytical, laboratoire yigenga yemewe na Leta ya Californiya, kugira ngo isesengurwe. Kugira ngo akore ikizamini kinini cya Burkey, yateguye ibisubizo bibiri: kimwe kirimo urugero rwinshi rwa gurşide yashonze, ikindi kirimo chloroform. Bazatanga igitekerezo cyimikorere rusange ya filteri ijyanye nibyuma biremereye hamwe nibintu kama.
John yateguye ingero zo kugenzura kugirango zuzuze cyangwa zirenze imyanda yanduye ivugwa mu cyemezo cya NSF / ANSI (150 µg / L kuri gurş na 300 µg / L kuri chloroform). Nk’uko ikizamini cy’irangi rya Berkey kibitangaza (videwo), nyuma yo kwemeza ko akayunguruzo kashyizweho kandi gakora neza, yakoresheje gallon y’umuti wanduye anyuze muri Berkey maze ajugunya filtrate (amazi n’ibindi byose byanyuze muyungurura). Kugira ngo apime igisubizo cyanduye, yunguruje litiro ebyiri zose z'amazi binyuze muri Burkey, akuramo icyitegererezo cyo kugenzura muri gallon ya kabiri, hanyuma akusanya ibizamini bibiri by'ibizamini bya filtrate. Kugenzura no gusohora ibyitegererezo noneho byoherejwe muri EnviroMatrix Analytical kugirango bipimishe. Kuberako chloroform ihindagurika cyane kandi "ishaka" guhinduka no guhuza nibindi bikoresho bihari, John avanga chloroform mumuti wanduye mbere yo kuyungurura.
EnviroMatrix Isesengura ikoresha gazi chromatografiya-mass spectrometrie (GC-MS) gupima chloroform nibindi bintu byose bihindagurika (cyangwa VOC). Ibiyobora byapimwe hifashishijwe plasma ihuriweho na indorerezi (ICP-MS) ukurikije uburyo bwa EPA 200.8.
EnviroMatrix Ibisubizo byisesengura bivuguruzanya kandi bishyigikira igice cya Millenium. Akayunguruzo kirabura ka Berkey ntigikora neza mugukuraho chloroform. Kurundi ruhande, bakora akazi keza cyane ko kugabanya kuyobora. (Reba igice gikurikira kubisubizo byuzuye.)
Twasangiye ibyavuye muri laboratoire na Jamie Young, umuhanga mu by'imiti akaba na nyiri / ukora muri laboratoire yo gupima amazi ya New Jersey (icyo gihe izwi ku izina rya Envirotek) yagengwaga na New Millennium Concepts (uwashizeho sisitemu ya Big Berkey) yatangijwe muri 2014. Ikizamini cyawe bwite. Iyi ni Akayunguruzo ka Berkey. 2 Nyamwasa yemeje ibyo twabonye hamwe na chloroform hamwe na gurş.
New Millennium yatanze ibindi bizamini mu bihe byashize, harimo kimwe mu 2012 cyakozwe na komiseri ushinzwe ubuhinzi mu mujyi wa Los Angeles / Ishami ry’ibiro n’ibipimo Laboratoire y’ibidukikije yangiza; muri iyi raporo, chloroform (PDF) rwose yashyizwe ku rutonde rwa Black Berkey ukurikije ibipimo by'ishami (EPA, ntabwo ari kimwe mu byanduye byavanyweho na NSF / ANSI). Nyuma yo kwipimisha mu 2012, imirimo y’uburozi yimuriwe mu ishami ry’ubuzima rusange rya Los Angeles. Twaganiriye na DPH bemeza ko raporo yumwimerere ari ukuri. Ariko New Millennium yasobanuye ko ikizamini cya Young ari "icyiciro cya nyuma" kandi ibisubizo bye nibyo biheruka kugaragara mu kigo cy’ubumenyi bw’amazi ya Birkey, New Millennium ikomeza gutondekanya ibisubizo by’ibizamini no gusubiza ibibazo bikunze kubazwa kurubuga rwigenga.
Wirecutter, Young na Los Angeles County protocole yo gupima ntabwo ihuye. Kandi kubera ko ntanumwe murimwe wujuje ubuziranenge bwa NSF / ANSI, nta shingiro dufite ryo kugereranya ibisubizo.
Rero, igitekerezo rusange muri sisitemu ya Big Berkey ntabwo gishingiye cyane kubisubizo by'ibizamini byacu. Big Berkey iroroshye gukoresha kandi ihenze cyane kuburyo dusaba ko buri gihe abasomyi benshi bagaburirwa imbaraga za gravit zagaburiwe imbaraga, nubwo Berkey ikora ibintu byose New Millennium ivuga ko ishobora gukora nkayunguruzo.
Twagabanije kandi gufungura akayunguruzo ka Black Berkey kugira ngo turebe uko zubatswe no gushaka ibimenyetso byerekana ko "byibuze" ibintu bitandatu bitandukanye byo kuyungurura, nkuko ishami ry’ubucuruzi rya Berkey ribivuga. Twabonye ko mugihe akayunguruzo ka Berkey ari nini kandi yuzuye kurusha filteri ya Brita na 3M Filtrete, bigaragara ko bafite uburyo bumwe bwo kuyungurura: karubone ikora yatewe hamwe na ion yo guhana.
Sisitemu yo kuyungurura ya Berkey iri murwego runini rwa gravit-yagaburiwe. Ibi bikoresho byoroshye bifashisha imbaraga zo kuvoma amazi ava mucyumba cyo hejuru unyuze muyunguruzi nziza; amazi yungurujwe yakusanyirijwe mucyumba cyo hasi kandi arashobora gukwirakwizwa aho. Ubu ni uburyo bwiza kandi bukoreshwa cyane, muri sisitemu ya filtri ni urugero rusanzwe.
Akayunguruzo ka Berkey ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kuvura amazi yo kunywa yandujwe na sisitemu. Mu igeragezwa ryacu, bagabanije urwego rwo hejuru ruva kuri 170 µg / L rugera kuri 0,12 µg / L gusa, ibyo bikaba birenze kure cyane ibyangombwa bya NSF / ANSI byo kugabanya urwego rwo kuyobora kuva kuri 150 µg / L kugeza kuri 10 µg / L cyangwa munsi.
Ariko mubizamini byacu hamwe na chloroform, Akayunguruzo ka Black Berkey kakoze nabi, kugabanya chloroform yibipimo by'ibizamini 13% gusa, kuva 150 µg / L kugeza 130 µg / L. NSF / ANSI isaba kugabanuka 95% kuva 300 µg / L kugeza 15 µg / L cyangwa munsi yayo. . ifatwa (ibindi binyabuzima bihindagurika chloroform ishobora kubyara, bityo twizera ko ibisubizo ari ukuri.) Jamie Young, injeniyeri yo gupima amazi yemewe na New Jersey wakoze icyiciro cya nyuma cyibizamini bya New Millennium Ibitekerezo, byanakozwe nabi hamwe na chloroform kuva Black Berkey filter
Nyamara, New Millennium Concepts ivuga ku gasanduku kayunguruzo ko akayunguruzo ka Black Berkey kagabanya chloroform ku kigero cya 99.8% kugeza “munsi y’imipaka igaragara.” .
Kugira ngo bisobanuke neza, yaba twe, Envirotek, cyangwa Intara ya Los Angeles twiganye protocole yose ya NSF / ANSI Standard 53 ikoreshwa mu kuyungurura imbaraga nka Black Berkey.
Ku bitureba, twakoze ikizamini cya laboratoire nyuma yuko Black Berkeys yungurura litiro nyinshi z'umuti wateguwe kugirango NSF / ANSI yibanze. Ariko icyemezo cya NSF / ANSI gisaba imbaraga-zagaburiwe imbaraga zo gushungura kugirango zihangane kabiri ubushobozi bwazo bwagenwe mbere yo kwipimisha. Kuri filteri ya Black Berkey, bivuze litiro 6.000.
Nkatwe, Jamie Young yateguye igisubizo cyibizamini kuri NSF / ANSI Standard 53, ariko ntibyanyuze muri protocole yuzuye ya Standard 53, byasabaga litiro 6.000 zumuti wanduye wakoreshejwe na Black Berries kugirango unyure muyungurura. Yatangaje ko mu bizamini bye akayunguruzo nako kakoze neza hamwe na sisitemu, yemeza ibyo twabonye. Icyakora, yavuze ko batagishoboye kubahiriza ibipimo byo gukuraho NSF nyuma yo kuyungurura litiro zigera ku 1100 - hejuru ya kimwe cya gatatu cya New Millennium isaba ubuzima bwa litiro 3.000 ya litiro ya Black Berkey.
Intara ya Los Angeles ikurikiza protocole ya EPA itandukanye aho litiro 2 gusa yicyitegererezo cyibisubizo byanyuze muyungurura. Bitandukanye natwe na Nyamwasa, akarere kasanze akayunguruzo ka Black Berkey yakuyeho chloroform kugirango igerageze ibipimo, muriki gihe irenga 99.8%, kuva kuri 250 µg / L kugeza kuri 0.5 µg / L.
Ibisubizo bidahuye bivuye mubizamini byacu ugereranije nibyavuye muri laboratoire ebyiri zashinzwe na Burkey bituma dushidikanya gusaba iyi filteri, cyane cyane mugihe ushobora kubona ubundi buryo bwemewe bwigenga bukemura ibyo bibazo byose byafunguye.
Muri rusange, uburambe bwacu bwo kwipimisha bushigikira imyanya yacu: turasaba gushungura amazi hamwe nicyemezo cya NSF / ANSI, mugihe Berkey idafite ibyemezo nkibyo. Ni ukubera ko ibipimo ngenderwaho bya NSF / ANSI bikabije kandi bisobanutse: umuntu wese ashobora kubisoma kurubuga rwa NSF. Laboratoire yigenga yemerewe kwipimisha ibyemezo bya NSF / ANSI ubwayo iremewe. Igihe twandikaga kuri iki gitabo, twavuganye na NSF tumenya ko bizatwara amadolari arenga miliyoni imwe yo gukora ibizamini byemeza ibintu byose New Millennium Concepts ivuga ko akayunguruzo ka Black Berkey gakuraho. New Millennium yavuze ko yemera ko icyemezo cya NSF kidakenewe, bivuze ikiguzi nk'indi mpamvu itarakora ibizamini.
Ariko nubwo tutitaye kumikorere nyayo yo kuyungurura, haribibazo bihagije kuriyi filteri kuburyo bitworoheye gusaba imwe mubindi byifuzo byayungurura amazi mbere yo gusaba Big Berkey. Ubwa mbere, sisitemu ya Berkey ihenze cyane kugura no kubungabunga kuruta kuyungurura. Bitandukanye nayunguruzo dusaba, Berkey nini kandi nziza. Yashizweho kugirango ishyirwe ku gisate. Ariko kubera ko ifite uburebure bwa santimetero 19, ntizishobora gukwira munsi yububiko bwurukuta rwinshi, rusanzwe rushyirwaho santimetero 18 hejuru yumuhanda. Berkey nayo muremure cyane kuburyo idashobora guhuza firigo nyinshi. Ubu buryo, ntushobora kubika amazi muri Berkey imbeho (biroroshye kubikora hamwe nabasare bacu hamwe na filteri). New Millennium Concepts itanga igitereko cya santimetero 5 kugirango byorohe gushira amadarubindi munsi y'umuyoboro wa Big Berkey, ariko utu dusimba tugura amafaranga menshi kandi wongere uburebure mubice bimaze kuba birebire.
Umwanditsi wa Wirecutter wigeze gutunga Big Berkey yanditse ku byamubayeho: “Usibye kuba igikoresho ari kinini gisekeje, ikigega cyo hejuru kirashobora kuzura byoroshye mu gihe wibagiwe gusiba ikigega cyo hasi. uburemere buremereye kandi bunini kandi butangira kuyungurura ako kanya. Ugomba rero kuyizamura kugirango ubone umwanya wo kuyungurura karubone (ni ndende kandi ihindagurika) hanyuma ukayishyira mu mwobo wo hasi mbere yuko itangira kumeneka hasi cyangwa kuri konti. “
Undi mwanditsi wa Wirecutter yari afite Big Berkey (hamwe nisosiyete isimburwa na ceramic ceramic) ariko yahise ihagarika kuyikoresha. Ati: "Nimpano yatanzwe nuwo twashakanye kuko nabonye imwe murugo rwinshuti ntekereza ko amazi yasohotse aryoshye rwose". “Kubana n'umwe byari ibintu bitandukanye rwose. Agace ka kaburimbo, haba mu buryo butambitse kandi buhagaritse, bwari bunini kandi butoroshye. Kandi igikoni cyo mu gikoni twabayemo cyari gito cyane ku buryo byari akazi ko gukora isuku. ”
Turabona kandi ba nyirubwite binubira imikurire ya algae na bagiteri kandi, akenshi, mucus muri Berkies zabo nini. New Millenium Concepts izi iki kibazo kandi irasaba kongeramo Ibitonyanga bya Berkey Biofilm mumazi yungurujwe. Iki nikibazo gikomeye gihagije abadandaza benshi ba Berkey babihaye page yose.
Abacuruzi benshi bemeza ko imikurire ya bagiteri ishobora kuba ikibazo, ariko bakunze kuvuga ko izagaragara nyuma yimyaka mike ikoreshwa, ariko siko bimeze kubanditsi bacu. Ati: “Byatangiye mu gihe kitarenze umwaka.” “Amazi araryoshye, kandi ibyumba byo hejuru no hepfo bitangira kunuka. Ndayisukura neza, kwoza muyungurura no kuyikuraho kugirango ngere ku tuntu duto duto, kandi menye neza koza imbere muri robine. Mu minsi igera kuri ibiri cyangwa itatu. Nyuma yiminsi mike umunuko wamazi wabaye ibisanzwe hanyuma wongera guhinduka. Naje guhagarika Birki numva meze nabi. ”
Kugira ngo ukureho burundu algae na bagiteri muyungurura ya Black Berkey, sukura hejuru hamwe na Scotch-Brite, kora kimwe kubigega byo hejuru no hepfo, hanyuma urangize igisubizo cya bleach unyuze muyungurura. Birasaba kubungabunga byinshi kubintu byagenewe gutuma abantu bumva bafite umutekano kumazi yabo.
Niba witaye ku itegurwa ry’ibiza ukaba ushaka kwemeza ko ufite amazi meza aboneka mugihe cyihutirwa, turasaba gukoresha ibicuruzwa bibika amazi mubitabo byihutirwa byihutirwa. Niba ukeneye gusa amazi meza yo kuyungurura, turasaba ko dushakisha akayunguruzo ka NSF / ANSI, nkatuyobora kubibumbano byiza byamazi meza hamwe nibyiza munsi yamazi yungurura.
Akayunguruzo gakomeye gakoresha ibikoresho bibiri bitandukanye kugirango bikureho amazi. Gukoresha karubone ikora cyangwa imiti ihuza ibinyabuzima, harimo ibicanwa n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, imiti myinshi yica udukoko hamwe n’imiti myinshi. Ibisigarira bya Ion bivanaho ibyuma byinshi byashongeshejwe mumazi, bigasimbuza ibyuma biremereye bifite ubumara (nka gurş, mercure na kadmium) nibyuma byoroheje, cyane cyane bitagira ingaruka (nka sodium, igice kinini cyumunyu wameza).
Guhitamo ibibumbano byayunguruzo (biva muri Brita) hamwe na filtri munsi ya sink (kuva 3M Filtrete) byateguwe murubu buryo. New Millennium Concepts ntabwo igaragaza icyo akayunguruzo ka Black Berkey gakozwe, ariko abadandaza benshi bagabanya igishushanyo cyayo, harimo na TheBerkey.com: “Ikintu cyungurura Black Berkey cyakozwe muburyo bwihariye bwibitangazamakuru bitandatu bitandukanye. Amata agizwe n'ubwoko butandukanye, harimo karubone nziza yo mu bwoko bwa coconut shell, byose byinjijwe muri matrike yoroheje irimo amamiriyoni ya mikorosikopi. ” Iyo dukatiye mubice bibiri bya Black Berkey muyunguruzi, byari bigizwe na ion zatewe inda zirimo karubone ikora ihinduranya resin. Jamie Young yemeza iki cyerekezo.
Tim Heffernan ni umwanditsi mukuru uzobereye mu kirere no mu mazi no gukoresha ingufu mu rugo. Yahoze atanga umusanzu muri The Atlantic, Mechanics Yamamaye ndetse nibindi binyamakuru byo mu gihugu, yinjiye muri Wirecutter mu 2015. Afite amagare atatu n’ibikoresho bya zeru.
Iyungurura amazi, ibibindi hamwe nogutanga ibyemezo byemewe gukuraho umwanda no kuzamura ubwiza bwamazi yo kunywa murugo rwawe.
Nyuma yo kugerageza amasoko 13 yamazi yamatungo (no kuyahindura igikinisho cya chew), twasanze Isoko ryururabyo rwinjangwe aribyiza kuminjangwe nyinshi (nimbwa zimwe).
Wirecutter ni serivisi yo gutanga ibicuruzwa bya New York Times. Abanyamakuru bacu bahuza ubushakashatsi bwigenga hamwe (rimwe na rimwe) kugerageza gukomeye kugirango bigufashe gufata icyemezo cyo kugura vuba kandi wizeye. Waba ushaka ibicuruzwa byiza cyangwa ushaka inama zingirakamaro, tuzagufasha kubona ibisubizo byiza (ubwambere).