Mu guhitamo icyuma gisukura amazi kiri munsi y'amazi, hari ibintu byinshi ugomba gusuzuma:

1. **Ubwoko bw'icyuma gisukura amazi:**
– Hari ubwoko butandukanye burimo Microfiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF), Nanofiltration (NF), na Reverse Osmosis (RO). Mu guhitamo, tekereza ku ikoranabuhanga ryo kuyungurura, ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura, uburyo bworoshye bwo gusimbuza cartridge, igihe cyo kubaho, n'igiciro cyo gusimbuza.

2. **Kuyungurura mikoro (MF):**
– Ubuhanga bwo kuyungurura ubusanzwe buri hagati ya mikoroni 0.1 na 50. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo karito za PP filter, karito za carbon filter zikoreshwa, na karito za ceramic filter. Zikoreshwa mu kuyungurura cyane, zikuraho uduce duto nk'ibishingwe n'ingese.

– Ingorane zirimo kudashobora gukuraho ibintu byangiza nka bagiteri, kudashobora gusukura amakaritiye ya filter (akunze gukoreshwa), no gusimbuza kenshi.

3. **Kuyungurura cyane (UF):**
– Ubuhanga bwo kuyungurura buri hagati ya mikoroni 0.001 na 0.1. Ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gutandukanya membrane mu gukuraho ingese, imyanda, koloyide, bagiteri, na molekile nini z’umwimerere.

– Ibyiza birimo kugarura amazi menshi, koroshya gusukura no koza inyuma, kumara igihe kirekire, ndetse n'igiciro gito cyo kuyakoresha.

4. **Kuyungurura Nanofiltration (NF):**
– Ubuhanga bwo kuyungurura buri hagati ya UF na RO. Bisaba amashanyarazi n'umuvuduko kugira ngo ikoranabuhanga ryo gutandukanya membrane ribe rito. Bishobora gukuraho ions za kalisiyumu na manyeziyumu ariko bishobora kudakuraho burundu ions zimwe na zimwe zangiza.

– Ingorane zirimo kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amazi no kudashobora kuyungurura ibintu bimwe na bimwe byangiza.

5. **Reverse Osmosis (RO):**
– Ubuhanga bwo kuyungurura bungana na mikoroni 0.0001. Ishobora kuyungurura imyanda hafi ya yose harimo bagiteri, virusi, ibyuma biremereye, na antibiyotike.

– Ibyiza birimo umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukura umunyu mu mazi, imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike, igihe kirekire cyo kubaho, no kwihanganira ingaruka za shimi n'ibinyabuzima.

Ku bijyanye n'ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura, urutonde rukunze kuba Microfiltration > Ultrafiltration > Nanofiltration > Reverse Osmosis. Ultrafiltration na Reverse Osmosis byombi ni amahitamo meza bitewe n'ibyo ukunda. Ultrafiltration ni nziza kandi ihendutse ariko ntishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye. Reverse Osmosis ni nziza ku mazi akeneye, nko mu guteka icyayi cyangwa ikawa, ariko ishobora gusaba intambwe z'inyongera kugira ngo uyikoreshe. Ni byiza guhitamo ukurikije ibyo ukeneye n'ibyo ukunda.