Dushobora kubona inyungu mu bicuruzwa bitangwa kuri uru rubuga no kwitabira gahunda z'abafatanyabikorwa. Menya byinshi >
Icyitonderwa cy'umwanditsi: Igeragezwa rirakomeje! Ubu turimo kugerageza moderi 4 nshya. Komeza ukurikirane amahitamo yacu y'isuzuma rishya ry'imikorere.
Amazi asanzwe yo mu ifumbire ashobora kuba arimo imyanda ituruka ku miti ikoreshwa mu miyoboro no mu micungire y’amazi yo mu mujyi. Niba umuryango wawe ukeneye kubona amazi yo mu ifumbire yoroshye yo kunywa no guteka buri munsi, uburyo bwo kuyungurura amazi munsi y’amazi ni igisubizo cyiza.
Utwuma tw’amazi two ku meza dushobora kugira akamaro, ariko dushobora no kuba ikintu giteye isoni kandi gifata umwanya w’agaciro wo ku meza. Utwuma tw’amazi two ku meza duhisha imikorere y’utumashini mu gihe dutanga amazi yayunguruwe ku gikoni. Utwuma tw’amazi twafunguwe neza two ku meza dufite ibice byinshi byo kuyungurura, bigatuma byoroha kubona amazi meza yo mu robine.
Nyuma yo gusuzuma ingingo z'ingenzi zo kuyungurura amazi munsi y'amazi (ingano y'imyanda yakuweho, ingano y'uburyo bw'imikorere, n'umubare w'ibyiciro byo kuyungurura), urutonde rwavuzwe haruguru rugaragaza ubwoko bw'ubushakashatsi bwimbitse twakoze kugira ngo tumenye ibicuruzwa bikwiriye ibyiciro bitandukanye byo kuyungurura, ibyiciro by'ibiciro n'urwego rwo kuyungurura.
Dufite amahitamo atandukanye yo kuyungurura amazi munsi y’ibigega ashobora kuyungurura amazi yo mu mujyi, aho amazi aherereye n’ayo mu mazi ya alkaline kugira ngo akureho imyanda irenga 1.000, harimo na chlorine, ibyuma biremereye, na bagiteri. Zimwe muri izi filters z’amazi munsi y’ibigega ziza zifite robine yo ku meza, bigatuma zidakenera kuzigura ukwazo (kandi zishobora kuba zihenze cyane). Zimwe muri sisitemu zo kuyungurura amazi munsi y’ibigega zifite imiterere igabanya amazi n’imashini zubatswemo zikongera umuvuduko w’amazi, ndetse n’izishobora gusimburwa.
Utwuma twiza two kuyungurura amazi munsi y’ikigega tuzatanga uburyo bwo kuyungurura neza, dutange amazi meza menshi, kandi tworoshye gushyiraho. Niba ushaka koroshya kuyungurura amazi yo mu gikoni cyawe, sisitemu zikurikira zo kuyungurura amazi munsi y’ikigega zirimo ibi n'ibindi byinshi.
Vuga byose: Ubu buryo bwa reverse osmosis (RO) buva muri iSpring bushobora gukuraho 99% by'imyanda irenga 1.000 iri mu mazi ya robine, harimo lead, arsenic, chlorine, fluoride, na asbestos. Uburyo bwabwo butangaje bwo kuyungurura amazi bufite ibice bitandatu birimo sediment na carbon water filters bikuraho imyanda itandukanye kandi bikarinda reverse osmosis membrane imiti nka chlorine na chloramines.
Akayunguruzo k’uburyo bwo gukuraho imyanda ntoya nka mikoroni 0.0001, bityo molekile z’amazi ni zo zonyine zishobora kunyuramo. Akayunguruzo k’imyunyu ngugu ka alkaline gasubiza imyunyu ngugu yatakaye mu gihe cyo kuyungurura, kandi intambwe ya nyuma yo kuyungurura iha amazi isuku ya nyuma mbere yo kuyashyira mu robine y’umuringa irimo hamwe n’igishushanyo mbonera cya nikeli cyiza.
Pompe y'amashanyarazi yongera umuvuduko w'amazi, bityo ikagabanya ingano y'imyanda mu kuyungurura: igipimo ni litiro 1.5 z'amazi yayunguruwe kuri litiro 1 y'amazi yatakaye. Akayunguruzo k'amazi gagomba gusimburwa buri mezi 6 kugeza ku mwaka. Abakoresha bashobora kurangiza gushyiraho bakoresheje inyigisho zanditse n'amashusho y'ikigo. Ubufasha kuri telefoni burahari ku bantu bahura n'ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose cyangwa bafite ibibazo bitavuzwe mu gitabo cyatanzwe.
Ifite ibikoresho byoroshye gushyiraho ndetse n’ibindi bikoresho bishya nka UV, alkaline na deionization filters, iyi sisitemu y’ibice bitanu yo kuyungurura isubira inyuma ya osmosis ni igisubizo cyiza ku rugo hafi ya rwose rukoresha amazi yo mu mujyi.
Muri ubu buryo, amazi abanza guca mu myanda no mu byuma bibiri bya karuboni mbere yo kugera ku ruhu rw’inyuma rw’amazi, rukuraho n’ibintu bito cyane byanduye. Icyiciro cya nyuma gikoresha icyuma cya karuboni cya gatatu kugira ngo gikureho uburozi busigaye.
Iyi sisitemu ihendutse iza ifite utuyunguruzo tune tw’amazi tugomba gusimburwa kabiri mu mwaka. Imbogamizi imwe y’iyi sisitemu ni uko nta pompe ihari, bityo igapfusha ubusa litiro zigera kuri 1 kugeza kuri 3 z’amazi.
Kuyungurura amazi ntibisaba igihe kinini, kandi gushyiraho sisitemu yo kuyungurura ntibisaba igihe cy'agaciro. Iyi sisitemu ya Waterdrop ni imwe muri sisitemu zihendutse cyane zo kuyungurura amazi munsi y'ibigega, ifata iminota 3 gusa kuyishyiraho, bigatuma byoroha kubona amazi meza yo mu robine.
Iyi moderi ni amahitamo meza ku baguzi badafite umwanya uhagije wo kuyungurura amazi menshi. Iyi mashini nto ihuza neza n'amazi akonje kandi igatanga amazi yayunguruwe na karuboni aturutse mu ipombo nyamukuru, ikagabanya impumuro mbi n'ibindi bintu bihumanya nka chlorine, sediment, ingese n'ibindi byuma biremereye. Nubwo idakuraho ibintu byinshi bihumanya nk'uko bigenda kuri sisitemu ya reverse osmosis, igumana imyunyu ngugu nka kalisiyumu, potasiyumu na manyeziyumu.
Waterdrop ifite ibikoresho byoroshye gushyiraho na sisitemu yo gufunga kugira ngo byoroshye guhindura icyuma kiri munsi y’amazi. Kugira ngo byoroshye kuyibungabunga, buri icyuma gishobora kumara amezi 24 cyangwa litiro 16.000.
Ubundi buryo bwiza bwa Waterdrop ku gikoni gifite umwanya muto munsi y'igikoni. Ubu buryo bwiza bwo gusohora amazi mu buryo butagira tanki buto ariko ntibugabanya ibintu bidasanzwe. Ikoranabuhanga rishya ryoroshya imikorere. Pompe y'imbere ituma amazi atembera vuba kandi imyanda ikaba mike hamwe n'igipimo cya 1:1 cy'amazi yanduye yayunguruwe n'amazi yanduye, kandi icyuma gipima amazi asohoka kirazimya amazi iyo umuyoboro uvuyemo amazi.
Uduce dutatu duto two munsi y’amazi dutanga uburyo bwo gusukura ibintu mu byiciro byinshi, harimo utwuma tw’amazi n’utw’ikaruboni, utwuma tw’inyuma tw’amazi n’utwuma tw’ikaruboni, utwo twa nyuma dukoresha utunyangingo twa karuboni twakozwe mu bitoki karemano by’amazi kugira ngo twongere uburyohe bw’amazi yawe. Ibipimo by’ingirakamaro bihindura ibara igihe cyo gusimbuza utwuma. Kugira ngo ubone ubufasha mu gushyiraho, koresha igitabo cy’amabwiriza cyangwa igitabo cy’amabwiriza kiri kuri interineti. ICYITONDERWA. Sisitemu igomba gusukurwa iminota 30 mbere yo kuyikoresha.
Abaguzi bashaka guhuza robine nshya n'akayunguruzo k'amazi kari munsi y'amazi bagomba gusuzuma ubu buryo bwa Aquasana. Buboneka mu buryo butatu bwiza bujyanye n'imitako itandukanye yo mu gikoni, ubu buryo bufite ibyiciro bibiri byo kuyungurura bikuraho 99% by'imyanda 77 itandukanye, harimo icyuma cya lead na mercure, na 97% bya chlorine na chloramine. Akayunguruzo k'amazi kari munsi y'amazi gakoresha ibice bya pulasitiki bike bikoreshwa rimwe kandi ntikangiza ibidukikije.
Kubera ko iyi sisitemu y'amazi iri munsi y'amazi idakoresha membrane ya osmosis isubira inyuma, amazi ntapfa ubusa kandi uburyo bwo kuyayungurura bubungabunga imyunyungugu y'ingirakamaro. Igihe cyo kuyayungurura ni litiro 600 kandi gishobora kumara amezi 6. Ba nyirayo bashobora kurangiza kuyashyiraho bakoresheje ubuyobozi burambuye.
Nubwo amazi asanzwe ahagije ku bantu benshi, bamwe bakunda uburyohe n'inyungu bumva zo kunywa amazi ya alkaline ku buzima. Kubera ko ibyuma biyungurura calcium carbonate byongera amazi meza cyane mu mazi yayunguruwe, abanywa amazi ya alkaline ubu bashobora kunywa iki kinyobwa gifite pH iri hejuru bahereye ku robine bakoresheje iki cyuma gituruka kuri Apec Water Systems.
Ku bijyanye no kuyungurura amazi, uduce dutatu twa karuboni n'uduce duto twa osmosis bikuraho 99% by'imyanda irenga 1.000, harimo chlorine, fluoride, arsenic, lisansi n'ibyuma biremereye. Ubu buryo bwo kuyungurura amazi munsi y'amazi ni amahitamo yizewe kandi yemewe n'ishyirahamwe ry'ubuziranenge bw'amazi kandi butanga icyizere cyo kuyungurura amazi meza.
Akayunguruzo kaza n'umuyoboro mwiza wa nikeli wakozwe mu buryo bworoshye. Wibuke ko akayunguruzo kagomba kuba karimo amazi yanduye kuko gafite igipimo kiri hejuru gato cya litiro 1 (yayunguruwe) na litiro 3 (z'amazi yanduye). Amashusho n'amabwiriza birahari ku bahitamo gushyiraho ibikoresho byabo bwite.
Nubwo amazi yo mu iriba adasukurwa n'imiti nka chlorine, ashobora kuba arimo ibintu bihumanya nk'umucanga, ingese n'ibyuma biremereye. Akungahaye kandi ku butare ndetse rimwe na rimwe akaba arimo bagiteri zangiza. Kubwibyo, amazu afite amazi yo mu iriba akeneye uburyo bwo kuyungurura bushobora kurinda ibyo bintu bihumanya n'uburozi.
Sisitemu y’amazi yo munsi y’amazi ya Home Master's EPA ikoresha ibyiciro bigera kuri birindwi byo kuyungurura, harimo akayunguruzo k’icyuma n’icyuma gisukura imirasire ya ultraviolet (UV), kugira ngo ikureho 99% by’icyuma, hydrogen sulfide, ibyuma biremereye n’ibindi bihumanya ibihumbi. Uburyo bwo kongeramo minerale bwongeramo imyunyu ngugu, harimo na kalisiyumu nke na manyeziyumu.
Aka kayunguruzo gashobora kubika amazi agera kuri litiro 2.000, bingana n'amazi asanzwe akoreshwa mu gihe cy'umwaka umwe. Aka gakoresho karimo gushyiraho ibikoresho byakozwe n'umuntu ku giti cye ndetse n'igitabo cy'amabwiriza kirambuye.
Ikibazo kiri mu ma filter menshi y'amazi ari munsi y'amazi ni uko gushyiraho robine nshya bisaba gucukura umwobo w'inyongera kuri kontineri. Kuyigeraho bishobora kugorana kandi abantu benshi ntibakunda kugira robine zitandukanye. Iki gicuruzwa cya CuZn kimaze imyaka irenga 20 cyaragaragaye ko ari amahitamo meza. Gishyirwa vuba kandi byoroshye mu buryo bw'amazi akonje asanzweho kandi gifata umwanya muto munsi y'amazi.
Uburyo bwo kuyungurura bukoresha uburyo butatu bwo gusya ibintu hakoreshejwe microsedimentation membranes, coconut shell activated carbon hamwe na filter media ya KDF-55 yihariye yagenewe kurwanya chlorine n'ibyuma biremereye bishobora gushonga mu mazi. Bifatanyije bigabanya neza imyanda ikomoka ku bimera n'ibintu bidafite umwimerere, kandi cycle yo gusimbuza filter ishobora kumara imyaka 5.
Ikibabaje ni uko ubu bwoko bw'akayunguruzo budakora neza mu gukuraho ibintu byose byashongeshejwe (TDS) kandi ntibugomba gukoreshwa mu kuyungurura amazi yo mu iriba.
Robine zo mu bwiherero zikunze kugira umuvuduko muto w’amazi ugereranije n’izo mu gikoni, kandi ibyuma biyungurura amazi bifite ibyiciro byinshi bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w’amazi. Robine nyinshi zo mu bwiherero nazo zifite umwanya muto ugereranije n’izo munsi y’igikoni. Robine ya Frizzlife Under Sink Water Filter itanga igisubizo kuri ibi bibazo byombi.
Igipimo cy'amazi ni litiro 2 ku munota (GPM), bingana no kuzuza igikombe gisanzwe cya ounce 11 mu masegonda 3 gusa. Agace kamwe k'urufunguzo gashobora gushyirwa vuba ku miyoboro y'amazi akonje isanzweho, bigatuma hadakenerwa ibigega binini cyangwa ipompo. Ibyiciro bibiri bya mikoroni 0.5 bya karuboni byujuje amabwiriza y'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Isuku kugira ngo bikuremo fluoride, lisansi na arsenic mu mazi mu buryo bwizewe mu gihe hakemererwa ko imyunyu ngugu inyuramo. Agace k'urufunguzo gusa ni ko gakwiye gusimburwa, silinda yo hanze ntikeneye gusimburwa, bigabanya ikiguzi.
Kimwe n'izindi filters nyinshi za karuboni, Frizzlife ntiyemerwa gukoreshwa hamwe n'amazi yo mu iriba. Hagomba gutoranywa sisitemu ya RO.
Hari amahitamo menshi yo kuyungurura amazi. Sisitemu nziza yo kuyungurura munsi y’ikigega izahura n’umwanya wawe, ubushobozi bwawe n’ibyo ukeneye mu kuyishyiraho, mu gihe yorohereza kubona amazi meza. Ibindi bintu ugomba kuzirikana mu gihe uguze birimo ubwoko n’urwego rw’amazi ayungurura, amazi atembera n’umuvuduko wayo, gukuraho impumuro mbi mu mazi, n’amazi yanduye.
Amahitamo yo gukoresha filters z'amazi munsi y'amazi anyura mu mazi abira, kuva ku byuma byoroshye bifatanye kugeza ku miyoboro y'amazi akonje n'amarobine kugeza ku buryo bugoye bwo gukora ibyiciro byinshi. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo filters z'amazi zisubira inyuma, ultrafiltration (UF), na filters z'amazi ya karuboni. Sisitemu za RO zisubira inyuma zikuraho imyanda mu mazi yawe hanyuma zigatanga amazi yayunguruwe binyuze muri robine itandukanye. Sisitemu za reverse osmosis zikora zisunika amazi mu ruhu rufite utwenge duto cyane molecules z'amazi gusa zishobora kunyuramo, zigakuraho uburozi burenga 1.000 nka chlorine, fluoride, ibyuma biremereye, ndetse na bagiteri n'imiti yica udukoko.
Sisitemu nziza cyane zo gupima inyuma imiterere y'umubiri zifite ibyiciro byinshi byo kuyungurura, harimo n'ibiyungurura karuboni, bityo zishobora gufata umwanya munini w'akabati kandi bigasaba gushyiraho ibintu bigoye cyane.
Kuyungurura amazi hakoreshejwe utwuma duto cyane (ultrafiltration) bikoresha utwuma duto tw’imigozi kugira ngo birinde imyanda n’ibintu bihumanya kwinjira mu mazi. Nubwo bidakuraho uburozi bwinshi nk’uburyo bwo gusohora amazi mu buryo bunyura inyuma, bishobora kubika imyunyu ngugu y’ingirakamaro ikuwe mu buryo bwo kuyungurura amazi aho molekile z’amazi gusa zishobora kunyura.
Nanone biroroshye kuyishyiraho kuko akenshi iba ari inyongera kuri robine isanzweho. Ariko, kubera ko ihujwe na robine nkuru, igihe cyo kuyiyungurura gishobora kuba gito ugereranyije na sisitemu ifite ibikoresho bitandukanye.
Akayunguruzo ka karuboni ni bwo buryo bworoshye bwo kuyungurura, ariko karacyafite akamaro cyane. Karakoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye, kuva ku bigega by'amazi byoroshye kugeza ku buryo bugezweho bw'ibice byinshi. Karuboni ikora ifatana n'ibintu byanduye hanyuma ikabikuraho uko amazi anyura muri akayunguruzo.
Ubushobozi bw'amafiriti ya karuboni buri kimwe buratandukana, bityo rero witondere urwego rw'amafiriti ruvugwa ku gicuruzwa, harimo n'imyanda gikuraho. Sisitemu yo gupima amazi ivanze n'amafiriti ya karuboni akenshi ni yo nzira nziza yo gupima amazi munsi y'amazi mu gukuraho uburozi mu mazi ya robine.
Ingano n'ubwoko bw'amazi ukeneye ayungururwa biterwa n'ingano y'amazi ayungururwa umuryango wawe ukeneye buri munsi. Ku bantu baba bonyine, ikibindi cyangwa ikintu cyoroshye gifatanye munsi y'isafuriya birahagije. Ku ngo nini zikoresha amazi menshi yo kunywa cyangwa guteka ayungururwa kenshi, sisitemu yo gushungura amazi ishobora kuyungurura amazi angana na litiro 50 kugeza kuri 75 ku munsi.
Nubwo ibyuma binini bifite ubushobozi bwo gusimbuza bidakunze gusimburwa, bifata umwanya munini munsi y'igikoni, cyane cyane sisitemu za osmosis zishingiye ku bigega. Iki ni ikintu cy'ingenzi niba ufite umwanya muto wo kubikamo ibintu.
Uburyo amazi atemba bupima uburyo amazi atemba vuba asohoka muri robine. Ibi bizagira ingaruka ku gihe bifata kugirango zuzuze ikirahure cyangwa inkono yo gutekesha. Uko amazi atemba cyane, ni ko amazi atemba buhoro asohoka muri robine, bityo amasosiyete akora muri uru rwego atanga amazi atemba vuba nk'ahantu ho kugurisha. Sisitemu za RO zifite valve zitandukanye; icyakora, niba ibyuma bisukura munsi y'amazi bikoresha robine nyamukuru, abakoresha bashobora kubona ko amazi atemba buhoro.
Igipimo cy'amazi kibarwa muri litiro ku munota kandi ubusanzwe kiri hagati ya litiro 0.8 na litiro 2 ku munota bitewe n'umusaruro. Ikoreshwa ntiriterwa gusa n'umusaruro, ahubwo riterwa n'umuvuduko w'amazi yo mu ngo n'umubare w'abayakoresha.
Umuvuduko ugaragara bitewe n'umuvuduko, kandi umuvuduko w'amazi ugenwa n'imbaraga. Umuvuduko muke cyane w'amazi uzarinda kuyungurura bisanzwe muri filter ya RO iri munsi y'amazi kuko sisitemu ikoresha umuvuduko kugira ngo ishyire molekile z'amazi mu kayunguruzo. Umuvuduko w'amazi yo mu rugo upimwa mu biro kuri santimetero kare (psi).
Utwuma twinshi duto duto duto dukoresha amazi dukenera nibura umuvuduko wa psi 40 kugeza kuri 45 kugira ngo tugire akamaro. Ku mazu asanzwe, umuvuduko ntarengwa akenshi uba psi 60. Umuvuduko w'amazi na wo uterwa n'ingano y'inzu n'umubare w'abayikoresha mu nzu.
Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa na Consumer Reports bugaragaza ko hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'Abanyamerika banywa amazi yo mu mujyi binubira impumuro mbi mu mazi yabo ya robine. Nubwo impumuro mbi idasobanura ko hari ikibazo, ishobora gutuma kwisiga amazi mu mazi bitarushaho kuryoha.
Chlorine, imiti ikoreshwa mu nganda zitunganya amazi mu gukuraho bagiteri, virusi n'udukoko mu mazi, ni imwe mu masoko akunze kugaragara y’impumuro mbi. Ku bw'amahirwe, imashini nyinshi ziyungurura amazi munsi y’amazi cyangwa se zikoresha amazi mu mazi zishobora gufasha kugabanya impumuro mbi no kunoza uburyohe. Uko urwego rwo kuyungurura ruri hejuru, ni ko sisitemu ikuramo neza imyanda n’impumuro mbi zikomoka kuri yo.
Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, amafiriti menshi ya RO munsi y’amazi afite robine yihariye. Amadirishya menshi yubatswemo afite imyobo yakozwe mbere (imwe ishobora gukenera gucukurwa) kugira ngo robine ya kabiri ijyemo.
Abandi ariko, basaba gucukura umwobo mushya, ibyo bikaba bishobora kuba ingaruka mbi kuri bamwe. Abaguzi bashobora kandi kureba imiterere y'irobo kugira ngo barebe neza ko ijyanye n'imiterere yabo. Inyinshi zifite ishusho y'umuringa woroshye n'irangi rya nikeli cyangwa chrome. Bamwe mu bakora batanga irangi ritandukanye.
Gushyiramo uburyo bwo kuyungurura amazi bishobora kuva ku mishinga yoroshye yo gukora isuku ifata iminota mike kugeza ku mirimo irambuye ishobora gusaba ubufasha bw'inzobere, bitewe n'ubuhanga bw'umuntu. Abakoresha robine nyamukuru nk'isoko y'amazi yabo bazakenera igihe gito n'imbaraga nke mu kuyishyiraho, ibi bikaba bisaba guhuza akayunguruzo n'umuyoboro w'amazi akonje.