Tumaze imyaka irenga 120 dukora ubushakashatsi bwigenga kandi tugerageza ibicuruzwa. Iyo uguze ukoresheje amahuza yacu, dushobora kubona komisiyo. Menya byinshi ku bijyanye n'uburyo twakoze isuzuma.
Niba ukeneye amazi yo mu robine kugira ngo amazi anyure buri munsi, igihe kirageze cyo gushyiraho akayunguruzo k'amazi mu gikoni cyawe. Akayunguruzo k'amazi kagenewe gusukura amazi binyuze mu gukuraho imyanda yangiza nka chlorine, lisansi n'imiti yica udukoko, aho urwego rwo kuyakuraho rutandukana bitewe n'ubuhanga bw'akayunguruzo. Bishobora kandi kunoza uburyohe, ndetse rimwe na rimwe, no kunoza uburyohe bw'amazi.
Kugira ngo haboneke akayunguruzo k'amazi keza, impuguke zo muri Good Housekeeping Institute zapimye kandi zisesengura neza akayunguruzo k'amazi arenga 30. Akayunguruzo k'amazi dusuzuma hano karimo akayunguruzo k'amazi ko mu nzu yose, akayunguruzo k'amazi munsi y'igikoni, amacupa y'akayunguruzo k'amazi, n'akayunguruzo k'amazi yo kwiyuhagira.
Ku musozo w'iyi nyandiko, urashobora kumenya byinshi ku bijyanye n'uburyo dusuzuma ibyuma biyungurura amazi muri laboratwari yacu, ndetse n'ibyo ukeneye kumenya byose ku bijyanye no kugura icyuma giyungurura amazi cyiza. Wifuza kongera amazi unywa mu rugendo? Reba ubuyobozi bwacu ku macupa meza y'amazi.
Fungura robine hanyuma ubone amazi ayunguruye kugeza ku mezi atandatu. Ubu buryo bwo kuyungurura munsi y’amazi bukuraho chlorine, ibyuma biremereye, ibisebe, imiti yica udukoko, imiti yica udukoko, ibintu bikomoka ku bimera bihindagurika n'ibindi. Iki gicuruzwa gikoreshwa kandi mu rugo rwa Dr. Birnur Aral, wahoze ari umuyobozi wa Laboratwari y’ubwiza, ubuzima no guharanira iterambere ry’ibidukikije mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya GH.
Agira ati: “Nkoresha amazi yayunguruwe hafi ya yose kuva mu guteka kugeza ku ikawa, bityo akayunguruzo k’amazi ko ku meza ntabwo kankoraho.” Ibi bivuze ko nta mpamvu yo kongeramo amacupa cyangwa ibikoresho by’amazi.” Afite umuvuduko mwinshi w’amazi ariko bisaba gushyirwaho.
Imwe mu filter zacu zikomeye z'amazi, filter ya Brita Longlast+ ikuraho imyanda irenga 30 nka chlorine, ibyuma biremereye, kanseri, ibintu bihungabanya imikorere y'umubiri, n'ibindi. Twishimira uburyo bwo kuyiyungurura vuba, bifata amasegonda 38 gusa kuri buri gikombe. Ugereranyije n'iyabanjirije, imara amezi atandatu aho kumara abiri kandi nta hantu na hamwe hasize ibizinga by'umukara wa karuboni mu mazi.
Rachel Rothman, wahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru w’ikoranabuhanga akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru wa tekiniki w’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya GH, akoresha iki gikombe mu muryango we w’abantu batanu. Akunda uburyohe bw’amazi n’uko adakenera guhindura akayunguruzo kenshi. Ingorane nto ni uko gukaraba intoki ari ngombwa.
Izwi ku buryo budasanzwe nka "agasanduku k'isuku ya interineti", nta gushidikanya ko Jolie yabaye umwe mu bagasanduku k'isuku kazwi cyane ku isi, cyane cyane bitewe n'imiterere yayo myiza. Isuzuma ryacu ryimbitse ry'urugo ryemeza ko ijyanye n'ibyo abantu benshi bavuga. Bitandukanye n'izindi filters zo kwiyuhagira twagerageje, Jolie Filter Showerhead ifite igishushanyo mbonera kimwe gisaba imbaraga nke kugira ngo ishyirweho. Jacqueline Saguin, wahoze ari umwanditsi mukuru w'ubucuruzi muri GH, yavuze ko byamutwaye iminota 15 kugira ngo ayishyireho.
Twasanze ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kuyungurura chlorine. Imashini zayo zirimo uruvange rwa KDF-55 na calcium sulfate, iki kigo kivuga ko ari byiza kurusha imashini zisanzwe za karuboni mu gufata imyanda mu mazi yo kwiyuhagira ashyushye kandi afite umuvuduko mwinshi. Nyuma y'umwaka umwe ikoreshwa, Sachin yabonye "aho amazi asigaye yiyongera hafi y'umuyoboro w'ubwogero," yongeraho ko "amazi aba yoroshye nta gutakaza umuvuduko."
Wibuke ko icyuma cyo kwiyuhagira ubwacyo gihenze, kimwe n'igiciro cyo gusimbuza akayunguruzo.
Aka gacupa gato ariko gakomeye k'amazi gapima ibiro 6 gusa iyo kuzuye. Ni gato kandi koroshye gufata no gusuka mu bipimo byacu. Kaboneka kandi mu ipulasitiki, bituma uburyohe n'ubuziranenge bw'amazi byongera. Menya ko ugomba kugashyiramo kenshi kuko gafata ibikombe 2.5 by'amazi yo mu ijosi gusa kandi twasanze gashobora kuyungurura buhoro buhoro.
Byongeye kandi, iyi pitcher ikoresha ubwoko bubiri bw'amafiltre: micro membrane filter na activated carbon filter ifite ion exchanger. Isuzuma ryacu ry'amakuru y'ibizamini bya laboratwari y'iyi sosiyete ryemeza ko ikuraho imyanda irenga 30, harimo chlorine, microplastics, sediment, heavy metal, volatile organic compounds, endocrine disruptors, antiseptics, farumasi, E. coli, na cysts.
Brita ni ikirango gihora gikora neza mu bizamini byacu bya laboratwari. Umwe mu bapimye yavuze ko bakunda iri cupa ry’ingendo kuko bashobora kurizuza ahantu hose kandi bakamenya ko amazi yabo aryoha neza. Iri cupa riza mu cyuma kitagira umwanda cyangwa mu gipangu - abapimye basanze icupa ry’icyuma kitagira umwanda gifite inkuta ebyiri rituma amazi akonja kandi agashya umunsi wose.
Iboneka kandi mu bwoko bwa ounces 26 (ikwiranye n'ibikoresho byinshi byo kubikamo ibikombe) cyangwa ounces 36 (ibi bikaba byoroshye iyo ukoze urugendo rurerure cyangwa udashobora kongera amazi buri gihe). Uruzitiro rwo gutwaramo rwubatswemo narwo rutuma byoroha gutwara. Bamwe mu bakoresha bavuze ko imiterere y'ibyatsi ituma kunywa birushaho kugorana.
Brita Hub yegukanye igihembo cya GH Kitchenware nyuma yo gushimisha abacamanza bacu n'icyuma gitanga amazi ku meza gitanga amazi n'intoki cyangwa mu buryo bwikora. Uruganda ruvuga ko akayunguruzo gashobora gusimburwa nyuma y'amezi atandatu. Ariko, Nicole Papantoniou, umuyobozi wa Laboratwari y'ibikoresho byo mu gikoni n'udushya mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi cya GH, akeneye gusimbuza akayunguruzo buri mezi arindwi.
Papantoniou yagize ati: “Ifite ubushobozi bwinshi ku buryo utazakenera kuyisubiramo kenshi. Nkunda uburyo bwo kuyisuka mu buryo bwikora kuko nshobora kuyisiga yuzuye.” Ni izihe nzitizi abahanga bacu babona? Iyo ikimenyetso cy’umutuku cyo gusimbuza icyuma gifunguye kimaze gushya, kirahagarara. Menya neza ko ufite izindi filters.
Ikigega cy'amazi cya Larq PurVis gishobora kuyungurura imyanda irenga 45 nka microplastics, heavy metal, VOCs, endocrine disruptors, PFOA na PFOS, farumasi n'ibindi. Iyi sosiyete kandi ikora indi ntambwe irenzeho ikoresha urumuri rwa UV kugira ngo ihagarike bagiteri za E. coli na salmonella zishobora kwirunda mu byuma biyungurura amazi iyo biyungurura chlorine.
Mu igerageza, twakunze ko porogaramu ya Larq yoroshye kuyikoresha kandi ko ikurikirana igihe ugomba guhindura filters, bityo nta gushidikanya kurimo. Isuka neza, ntisuka, kandi ntishobora kozwa amasahani, uretse inkoni ntoya ishobora kongera gukoreshwa twasanze byoroshye kuyimesa n'intoki. Icyitonderwa: filters zishobora kuba zihenze kurusha izindi filters.
Iyo akazi karangiye, ushobora gushyira iki gikoresho cyo kuyungurura amazi ku meza yawe gifite imiterere igezweho kandi ishimishije. Ntabwo gitandukanye gusa n'imiterere yacyo idasanzwe, ahubwo n'abahanga bacu bakunda ko imiterere ya "hourglass" ituma byoroha kuyifata.
Iyungurura chlorine n'ibyuma bine biremereye, birimo cadmium, umuringa, mercure na zinc, binyuze mu kayunguruzo k'udupira tw'ibumba gahishwe neza hejuru y'ikarafu. Abahanga bacu basanze byoroshye kuyishyiraho, kuyizuza no kuyisukamo, ariko bisaba gukaraba intoki.
Dan DiClerico, umuyobozi wa GH's Home Improvement and Outdoor Lab, yagize ati: “Biroroshye gushyiramo, birahendutse kandi byageragejwe hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya ANSI 42 na 53, bityo bigasukura neza ibintu byinshi byanduye.” Yakunze cyane imiterere y’iyi mashini kandi ikirango cya Culligan cyaramenyekanye.
Iyi filter igufasha guhindura byoroshye kuva ku mazi adafunguye ukajya ku mazi ayunguruye ukoresheje gusa icyuma gifunga amazi, kandi nta bikoresho bikenewe kugira ngo ushyire iyi filter kuri robine yawe. Iyungurura chlorine, sediment, lead n'ibindi. Imbogamizi imwe ni uko ituma robine irushaho kuba nini.
Muri Good Housekeeping Institute, itsinda ryacu ry’abahanga mu by’injeniyeri, abahanga mu bya shimi, abasesenguzi b’ibicuruzwa n’inzobere mu kunoza urugo bakorana kugira ngo bamenye akayunguruzo k’amazi keza mu rugo rwawe. Mu myaka yashize, twagerageje akayunguruzo k’amazi karenga 30 kandi dukomeje gushaka andi mahitamo mashya ku isoko.
Kugira ngo tugerageze ibyuma biyungurura amazi, turasuzuma ubushobozi bwabyo, uburyo byoroshye gushyiraho, ndetse (niba bishoboka) n'uburyo byoroshye kubyuzuza. Kugira ngo bisobanuke neza, twasomye buri gitabo cy'amabwiriza maze tureba niba icyitegererezo cy'icyuma gisukura amazi gitekanye. Dusuzuma imikorere y'ibikoresho nk'uburyo ikirahure cy'amazi cyihuta kandi tugapima ingano y'amazi ikigega cy'amazi gishobora gufata.
Nanone twemeza ibirego byo gukuraho ibara dushingiye ku makuru y’abandi. Iyo dusimbuza ifiriti ku ngengabihe yatanzwe n’uruganda, dusuzuma igihe buri firiti imara n’ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza ifiriti buri mwaka.
✔️ Ubwoko n'ubushobozi: Mu guhitamo amacupa, amacupa n'ibindi bikoresho bikoresha amazi yayunguruwe, ugomba gutekereza ku bunini n'uburemere. Ibikoresho binini ni byiza mu kugabanya kongeramo amazi, ariko bikunze kuba biremereye kandi bishobora gufata umwanya munini muri firigo cyangwa mu gikapu cyawe. Icyitegererezo cya countertop kizigama umwanya wa firigo kandi akenshi gishobora gufata amazi menshi, ariko gisaba umwanya wa countertop kandi gikoresha amazi y'ubushyuhe bw'icyumba.
Hamwe n'utuyungurura amazi turi munsi y'isahani, utuyungurura twa robine, utuyungurura two kwiyuhagira hamwe n'utuyungurura two mu nzu yose, nta mpamvu yo guhangayikishwa n'ingano cyangwa ubushobozi kuko tuyungurura amazi akimara gutemba.
✔️Ubwoko bwo kuyungurura: Bikwiye kumenyekana ko ibyuma byinshi birimo ubwoko bwinshi bwo kuyungurura kugira ngo bikureho ibintu bitandukanye byanduye. Hari ibyuma bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutandukana cyane mu byo biyungurura, bityo ni byiza kugenzura icyo icyuma giyungurura kugira ngo umenye neza ko gihuye n'ibyo ukeneye. Uburyo bwizewe bwo kumenya ibi ni ukureba ibipimo bya NSF icyuma giyungurura gifite icyemezo. Urugero, bimwe mu bipimo bikubiyemo icyuma cy'uburozi gusa, nka NSF 372, mu gihe ibindi bikubiyemo uburozi bw'ubuhinzi n'inganda, nka NSF 401. Byongeye kandi, dore uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyungurura amazi:
✔️ Inshuro zo gusimbuza akayunguruzo: Reba inshuro ugomba guhindura akayunguruzo. Niba utinya guhindura akayunguruzo cyangwa wibagiwe kugasimbuza, ushobora gushaka akayunguruzo karamba. Byongeye kandi, niba uguze akayunguruzo ko mu bwogero, mu gikombe, no mu gikarabiro, ugomba kwibuka kubisimbuza ukwabyo ukwabyo, bityo byaba byiza utekereje gukoresha akayunguruzo k'inzu yose kuko uzakenera gusimbuza akayunguruzo kamwe gusa mu nzu yawe, inzu yose.
Uko akayunguruzo k'amazi kaba kameze kose, ntacyo kazakumarira niba utakisimbuza nk'uko byasabwe. Aral agira ati: “Ingufu z'akayunguruzo k'amazi ziterwa n'ubwiza bw'amazi n'inshuro uhindura akayunguruzo.” Hari ubwoko bufite ikimenyetso, ariko niba akayunguruzo kadafite ikimenyetso, amazi agenda buhoro cyangwa ibara ry'amazi ritandukanye ni ikimenyetso cy'uko akayunguruzo gakwiye gusimburwa.
✔️ Igiciro: Tekereza ku giciro cya mbere cya filter y'amazi ndetse n'ikiguzi cyo kuyivugurura. filter y'amazi ishobora kugurwa amafaranga menshi mu ntangiriro, ariko igiciro n'inshuro yo kuyisimbura bishobora kugufasha kuzigama amafaranga mu gihe kirekire. Ariko si ko bigenda buri gihe, bityo rero menya neza ko ubara amafaranga yo kuyisimbura buri mwaka ukurikije gahunda yo kuyisimbura yatanzwe.
Kubona amazi meza ni ikibazo cy’isi yose kigira ingaruka ku baturage muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Niba utazi neza ubwiza bw’amazi yawe, Itsinda rishinzwe ibidukikije (EWG) ryavuguruye ububiko bw’amazi ya robine mu 2021. Ububiko bw’amazi ni ubuntu, biroroshye kubushakisha, kandi burimo amakuru agenewe leta zose.
Andika kode yawe ya posita cyangwa ushakishe muri leta yawe kugira ngo ubone amakuru arambuye ku bwiza bw'amazi yawe yo kunywa ukurikije amahame ya EWG, arutwa n'amahame ya leta. Niba amazi ya robine yawe arenze amabwiriza y'ubuzima ya EWG, ushobora gutekereza kugura akayunguruzo k'amazi.
Guhitamo amazi yo mu macupa ni igisubizo cy'igihe gito ku mazi ashobora kuba mabi, ariko bitera ikibazo gikomeye gifite ingaruka zikomeye z'igihe kirekire ku kwanduza. Abanyamerika bajugunya toni miliyoni 30 za plastiki buri mwaka, muri zo 8% gusa ni zo zikoreshwa mu kongera gukoreshwa. Inyinshi muri zo zishyirwa mu byobo by'imyanda kuko hari amategeko menshi atandukanye yerekeye ibyo bishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Icyiza ni ugushora imari mu kayunguruzo k'amazi n'icupa ry'amazi ryiza kandi rishobora kongera gukoreshwa—hari n'aho ibyuma byubatswemo.
Iyi nkuru yanditswe kandi igeragezwa na Jamie (Kim) Ueda, inzobere mu gusesengura ibicuruzwa biyungurura amazi (kandi akaba n'umukoresha usanzwe!). Ni umwanditsi wigenga wibanda ku gupima no gusuzuma ibicuruzwa. Kuri uru rutonde, yagerageje ibintu byinshi biyungurura amazi kandi yakoranye n'inzobere zo muri laboratwari nyinshi za Good Housekeeping Institute: Ibikoresho byo mu gikoni n'udushya, Ubwiza, Ubuzima n'Ubusugire, Aho hanze, Ibikoresho n'Ikoranabuhanga;
Nicole Papantoniou avuga ku buryo bworoshye bwo gukoresha amacupa n'amacupa. Dr. Bill Noor Alar yafashije gusuzuma ibisabwa mu gukuraho umwanda muri buri gisubizo cyacu. Dan DiClerico na Rachel Rothman batanze ubumenyi mu gushyiraho filter.
Jamie Ueda ni inzobere mu bicuruzwa bikoreshwa n'abaguzi, akaba afite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 17 mu gushushanya no gukora ibicuruzwa. Yabaye umuyobozi mu bigo biciriritse bicuruza ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa n'abaguzi, akaba n'imwe mu masosiyete azwi cyane kandi akomeye ku isi mu bijyanye n'imyenda. Jamie akora muri laboratwari nyinshi za GH Institute zirimo ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, itangazamakuru n'ikoranabuhanga, imyenda n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo. Mu gihe cye cy'ikiruhuko, akunda guteka, gutembera no gukina siporo.
Good Housekeeping yitabira gahunda zitandukanye zo kwamamaza, bivuze ko dushobora kubona amafaranga ku bicuruzwa byatoranijwe mu buryo bw'ubuvanganzo binyuze mu miyoboro yacu igana ku mbuga z'abacuruzi.