Ubwo twasabaga Ocean gutanga inama yo gukoresha akayunguruzo k'amazi, twahise tureka, dore amahitamo twasuzumye neza.
Dushobora kubona inyungu mu bicuruzwa bitangwa kuri uru rubuga no kwitabira gahunda z'abafatanyabikorwa. Menya byinshi >
Kugumana amazi menshi bisa nkaho ari ikibazo gikomeje—nibura ukurikije ukuntu amacupa y'amazi angana na galoni n'amacupa avuga umubare w'ibice ugomba kunywa mu gihe runaka—kandi icyuma cy'amazi cyayunguruwe gishobora kugufasha kugira ubuzima bwiza. Kugera ku ntego zawe za buri munsi z'amazi bishobora gukorwa byoroshye kandi mu buryo buhendutse uhisemo amacupa y'amazi yayunguruwe aho gukoresha amacupa akoreshwa rimwe. Mu by'ukuri, amacupa y'amazi ayungurura amazi yongera uburyohe n'impumuro y'amazi yo muri robine yawe. Amwe mu macupa ashobora kandi kugabanya imyanda nk'ibyuma biremereye, imiti cyangwa pulasitiki nto. Waba unywa amazi yawe, wuzuza imashini ya kawa, cyangwa witegura guteka, twasesenguye amahitamo menshi kugira ngo tubone icyuma cy'amazi gikubereye.
Amazi aturuka mu nganda zitunganya amazi rusange muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika afatwa nk'amwe mu afite umutekano ku isi, ariko ibidasanzwe nko muri Flint, muri Michigan, amazi ashobora gutera abantu ubwoba. Twibanda ku ducukura amazi dutanga amazi meza kandi meza. Ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze rya filters nyinshi rirasa, nubwo zimwe zigabanya cyangwa zikuraho ibindi bintu bishobora kwanduza abandi bigakorwa kugira ngo bibungabunge amabuye y'agaciro akubereye. Turashimangira kandi ko ibicuruzwa byujuje cyangwa byemejwe n'amahame yashyizweho n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ubumenyi/Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuziranenge bw'Amazi n'Ishyirahamwe ry'Ubuziranenge bw'Amazi, abagenzuzi bigenga b'impande zombi.
Amacupa menshi ya filter y'amazi afite imiterere imwe: ikigega cyo hejuru n'icyo hasi gifite filter hagati. Suka amazi yo mu robine mu gice cyo hejuru hanyuma utegereze ko imbaraga z'isi ziyakurura zinyuze muri filter zijya mu gice cyo hasi. Ariko hari andi mahitamo menshi, nko kumenya ingano y'amazi umuryango wawe ukoresha n'umwanya ufite muri firigo yawe. Uretse ikiguzi cy'icupa, ugomba no gutekereza ku giciro cy'icupa n'umubare wa litiro bashobora gusukura mbere yo kuzisimbuza (kuko bamwe muri twe dukunda cyane kongeramo amacupa yacu y'amazi buri gihe).
Icupa rya Brita Large Water Filter ni ryo cupa ryacu ryiza cyane rya filter y'amazi kuko rifite ubushobozi bunini bw'ibikombe 10, rihendutse, kandi rifite filter imara igihe kirekire. Umupfundikizo w'icupa ufite amapine, uzwi nka Tahoe, ugufasha kuryuzuza vuba kurusha ubwoko busaba gukuraho igice cyo hejuru cyose. Rifite kandi itara ryerekana niba filter ikora neza, ikora, cyangwa ikeneye gusimburwa.
Turagusaba Elite Retrofit Filter, yemejwe ko igabanya uburozi bw'ibinyabutabire, mercure, BPA, hamwe n'imiti yica udukoko n'ibindi binyabutabire bihoraho. Ifata ibintu byinshi bihumanya kurusha icyuma gisanzwe cy'umweru kandi imara amezi atandatu—inshuro eshatu. Ariko, bamwe mu bakiriya bavuga ko nyuma y'amezi make icyuma gishobora kuziba, kikagabanya igihe cyo kubaho kwacyo. Dufashe ko udakeneye gusimbuza ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose vuba aha, ikiguzi cy'umwaka cy'icyuma kizaba hafi $35.
Abantu benshi bazi LifeStraw kubera ibyuma byayo biyungurura amazi bikiza ubuzima n'ibyuma byo gutembera, ariko kandi isosiyete ikora ibikoresho byiza kandi byiza byo mu rugo rwawe. LifeStraw Home Water Filtration Pitcher igura hafi $65 kandi iboneka mu mabara atandukanye mu gikombe cy'ikirahure kigezweho gishobora gukurura abantu bagerageza kugabanya ikoreshwa rya pulasitiki mu ngo zabo. Agasanduku ka silikoni gahuye nako kararyoshye kugakoraho, karinda gushwanyagurika no gupfuka, kandi gatuma umuntu afata neza.
Iyi filtre ni sisitemu igizwe n'ibice bibiri ishobora gutwara imyanda irenga 30 izindi tanki nyinshi z'amazi zidashobora gufata. Yemejwe na NSF/ANSI kugira ngo igabanye chlorine, mercure na slate. Yujuje kandi amabwiriza menshi atandukanye yageragejwe na laboratwari zemewe ku miti yica udukoko, imiti yica udukoko n'ibindi binyabutabire bihoraho, kandi ishobora gusukura amazi yuzuyemo umucanga, umwanda cyangwa indi myanda. Iyi sosiyete ivuga ko ushobora gukoresha filtre mu gihe cyo gutanga inama ku mazi abira, ariko niba ibyo bibaye mu gace ntuyemo, nakomeza guteka amazi.
Akamaro k'akayunguruzo k'ibice bibiri ni uko LifeStraw Home ishobora gukuraho imyanda myinshi. Ingorane ni uko buri gice kigomba gusimburwa mu bihe bitandukanye. Akayunguruzo kamara umwaka umwe, kandi utuyunguruzo duto two guhinduranya karubone na iyoni tugomba gusimburwa buri mezi abiri (cyangwa hafi litiro 40). Igiciro ku mwaka ni hafi $75, ari nacyo kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'utundi dufunguru twinshi turi kuri uru rutonde. Abakoresha nabo babonye ko kuyungurura bigenda buhoro, bityo ni byiza kuzuza agakoresho mbere yo kugasubiza muri firigo. (Ibi ni byiza ku tundi dufunguru.)
Akayunguruzo k'amazi ka Hydros Slim Pitch ka ounces 40 karinda uburyo busanzwe bwo kuyungurura amatanki abiri kugira ngo karusheho kwihuta. Aka gacupa gato ariko gakomeye gakoresha akayunguruzo ka karuboni gakozwe mu gishishwa cya kokonati kugira ngo gakureho 90% bya chlorine na 99% by'imyanda. Ntigafata ibindi bintu bishobora kwanduza. Aka gacupa k'ibikombe bitanu ntigafite imigozi, ariko koroshye gufata no kuzuza, bigatuma gahitamo cyane abakayunguruza boroheje.
Umuryango ufite abana bato basaba ko basuka ibinyobwa byabo bwite ushobora gutekereza ko kutagira umukingo ari bibi, ariko bijya byoroshye mu muryango wa firigo bidafata umwanya wose. Hydro Slim Pitcher iza n'agasanduku k'amabara menshi kandi akayunguruzo kaboneka mu mabara atandukanye nka ibara ry'umuhengeri, icyatsi kibisi, ubururu n'umutuku, bigatuma karushaho kuba akantu ko kwikoraho. Akayunguruzo gashobora kandi gushyirwaho icyuma gitera amazi kugira ngo cyongere impumuro y'imbuto cyangwa ibimera.
Hydros filters zigomba gusimburwa buri mezi abiri, ibyo bikagutwara hafi $30 ku mwaka. Zishobora kandi guhindurwa n'ibindi bicuruzwa bya Hydros.
Akayunguruzo k’amazi gakoresha umuvuduko mwinshi wa Brita ni ak’abanga gutegereza. Byose ni mu izina: iyo usuka amazi, anyura muri karubone ikoreshwa mu gukaraba yashyizwe ku munwa. Umuntu wese wigeze agerageza kuzuza galoni y’amazi azi ko ari igikorwa cy’intambwe nyinshi ku kibindi gisanzwe. Ni ngombwa kuzuza ikigega cy’amazi nibura rimwe hanyuma ugategereza ko kinyura muri karubone. Bifata iminota mike gusa, ariko uzi umugani ugira uti: amazi ntajya ayungururwa. Brita Stream ikuraho igikorwa cyo gutegereza.
Ikibi ni uko atari filter ikomeye ihumanya. Yemejwe ko ikuraho uburyohe n'impumuro ya chlorine mu gihe igumana fluoride, imyunyungugu na electrolytes. Iyi filter ni filter ya siponji, itandukanye n'imashini zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu bindi bicuruzwa bya Brita. filter zigomba gusimburwa buri galoni 100, kandi iyo ukoresheje ipaki nyinshi, ibicuruzwa bigura hafi $38.
Ku madolari 150, Aarke purifier irahenze, ariko ikozwe mu bikoresho byiza kandi bifite isuku nka ikirahure n'icyuma kitagira umugese kandi iza n'akayunguruzo gashobora kongera gukoreshwa. Ubu buryo bushobora kuba ari bwo bwiza ku bidukikije kurusha ubundi kuko idakoresha akayunguruzo ka pulasitiki kagera mu myanda nyuma yo gukoreshwa. Ahubwo, sisitemu ikoresha uduce twa kayunguruzo Aarke yashyizeho ku bufatanye na sosiyete y'ikoranabuhanga mu mazi BWT.
Izi granules zigabanya chlorine, ibyuma biremereye na limescale, bifasha mu gukumira ibara ku masahani yawe. Utwo duce duto dumara galoni zigera kuri 32 mbere yuko dusimbuzwa. Isosiyete itanga ubwoko bubiri bw'utu duce duto: utundi duce duto n'utundi duce twinshi, twongeramo manyesiyumu kandi bigatuma amazi yo mu ifu ya alkaline. Ibiciro biri hagati ya $20 na $30 ku ipaki eshatu.
Ikiyiko cya LARQ PureVis gitanga ikindi gitandukanye: ikiyiko gikoresha inzira y'intambwe ebyiri mu kuyungurura amazi no kubuza mikorobe gukura. Amazi abanza kwinjira mu kiyungurura cya NanoZero kugira ngo akuremo chlorine, mercure, cadmium na copper. Hanyuma "UV wand" y'ikiyiko isohora urumuri kugira ngo irwanye bagiteri na virusi biri mu mazi.
LARQ kandi igomba kwishyuzwa buri mezi abiri hakoreshejwe charger ya USB-A irimo. Iyi kit yose iza na porogaramu ya iOS gusa igufasha gukurikirana igihe cyo guhindura filters n'ingano y'amazi ukoresha. Iyi cupa ry'amazi rifite ibikoresho bizagura hafi $170, ariko rishobora gukurura abantu bamenyereye ibikoresho bigezweho kandi bakurikirana ibipimo bitandukanye by'umuntu ku giti cye (niyo mpamvu ikigo gikora icupa ryacu rigezweho ry'amazi). LARQ itanga ibyiciro bibiri by'ifilters, kandi nubwo zimara igihe kirekire kurusha izindi filters nyinshi kuri uru rutonde, ikiguzi cy'umwaka kizagusubiza $100 ku icupa ry'ibanze cyangwa kugeza kuri $150 ku icupa ry'igiciro.
Ingo nini cyangwa abantu bagomba kunywa litiro imwe y'amazi ku munsi bashobora gukenera akayunguruzo k'amazi ka PUR PLUS gafite ibikombe 30. Aka gafunguzi gafite ubushobozi bwo gukora gafite imiterere yoroheje kandi yimbitse n'umuyoboro ufunze kandi kagura hafi $70. Akayunguruzo ka PUR PLUS kemejwe ko kagabanya ibindi bintu 70 byanduza, birimo lisansi, mercure n'imiti yica udukoko. Kakozwe mu ruganda rwa coconut. Gafite imyunyu ngugu isimbuza imyunyu ngugu imwe isanzwe nka calcium na magnesium kugira ngo gatange uburyohe bushya nta buryohe cyangwa impumuro ya chlorine. Ariko kamara litiro 40 cyangwa amezi abiri gusa. Amafaranga y'umwaka iyo uguze amapaki menshi akenshi aba hafi $50.
Umubare w'amazi ugomba kunywa ni wo mubare bwite, ntabwo ari ibirahuri umunani by'amazi twumvise tukiri bato. Kugira amazi meza kandi meza bizagufasha kugera ku ntego zawe zo kunywa amazi. Uducupa tw'amazi muri rusange turahendutse kandi ntitwita ku bidukikije kuruta kubika amazi yo mu macupa rimwe. Kugira ngo uhitemo agacupa kakubereye, hari ibintu bike ugomba kuzirikana.
Plasitike ni ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu macupa menshi kandi ni ingenzi mu macupa menshi. Nubwo bishobora kugorana kubona ibicuruzwa bidafite pulasitiki na gato, hari amahitamo. Bimwe bitanga ibikoresho byiza cyane nk'ibirahure, ibyuma bitarangwamo ibyuma cyangwa ibice bya silikoni byo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Reba inama z'uruganda kugira ngo urebe niba ushaka koza ibikoresho n'intoki cyangwa kubishyira mu gikoresho cyoza amasahani. Kuba amacupa y'amazi akunzwe cyane byatumye abakora ibintu benshi bita ku bwiza, bityo ntibizagorana kubona uburyo bwiza uzishimira gusiga kuri konteri yawe.
Imashini ziyungurura ziratandukanye mu giciro, imiterere yazo n'icyo zigabanya cyangwa zikuraho. Inyinshi mu mashini ziyungurura muri iyi suzuma ni carbon activated, yinjiza chlorine kandi ikagabanya asbestos, lisade, mercure n'ibintu bihumanya ikirere. Niba ufite ibibazo byihariye, nko gukuraho imiti imwe n'imwe cyangwa ibyuma biremereye, sura urubuga rw'uwakoze iyi mashini kugira ngo umenye amakuru ajyanye n'imikorere yayo.
Ntabwo turi laboratwari, bityo dukunda ibicuruzwa byemejwe na NSF International cyangwa Ishyirahamwe ry’Ubuziranenge bw’Amazi. Ariko, dushyira ku rutonde ibicuruzwa "byujuje" amabwiriza yigenga yo gupima laboratwari.
Tekereza ku rugero rw'amazi umuryango wawe unywa n'ingano y'amazi ashobora gutwarwa n'akayunguruzo mbere yuko gasimbuzwa. Akayunguruzo kagomba gusimbuzwa kugira ngo ikigega gikomeze gukora. Hari abatunganya galoni 40 gusa, bityo amazu yuma cyangwa manini ashobora gukenera gusimbuzwa akayunguruzo mbere y'amezi abiri. Akayunguruzo kagenewe kumara igihe kirekire gashobora kuba amahitamo meza. Kandi ntukibagirwe kubara amafaranga bizagutwara gusimbuzwa mu gihe cy'umwaka.
Amacupa y'amazi ni meza ku bashaka kunoza uburyohe bw'amazi yabo yo mu robine—amacupa yose ari kuri uru rutonde ashobora kubikora. Amacupa amwe n'amwe y'amazi ashobora gukuraho ibindi bintu bihumanya n'ibindi, bimwe muri byo bitaragenzurwa, nk'imiti idakira. (Icyitonderwa, EPA yasohoye amategeko yatanzwe kuri PFA muri Werurwe.) Niba ushishikajwe n'ubwiza bw'amazi, ushobora kureba raporo y'ubuziranenge bw'amazi buri ku rubuga rwa EPA, ububiko bw'amakuru bw'itsinda rishinzwe ibidukikije buri muri Tap Water cyangwa ugapimisha amazi yo mu rugo rwawe.
Muri rusange, uduce duto two gushungura amazi ntabwo dukura bagiteri. Uduce twinshi two gushungura amazi dukoresha utuyungurura twa karuboni cyangwa iyoni, tudagabanya udukoko nka bagiteri. Ariko, LifeStraw Home na LARQ bishobora kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika bagiteri zimwe na zimwe hakoreshejwe utuyungurura twa membrane na UV. Niba kurwanya bagiteri ari byo by'ingenzi, reba uburyo bwo gusukura amazi cyangwa uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyungurura hakoreshejwe reverse osmosis.
Reba igitabo cy'amabwiriza y'abagukoresha kugira ngo umenye ibice bigomba kozwa n'intoki n'ibishobora kozwa mu cyuma gikaraba amasahani. Ariko, menya neza ko usukuye ikibindi. Bagiteri, ibihumyo n'impumuro mbi bishobora kwirunda mu gikoni icyo ari cyo cyose, kandi n'uducupa tw'amazi na two ni uko.
Nshuti zanjye, ntabwo ugomba guhora ufite inyota. Byaba ari uguhenda, kubaho neza, cyangwa igishushanyo cyiza, twabonye utubumbe twiza two kuyungurura amazi two mu rugo rwawe. Agacupa kanini ka Brita ka filter yo kuvoma n'amazi yo kunywa gafite ikimenyetso cyo gusimbuza filter ya SmartLight + filter imwe y'akataraboneka. Twahisemo filter nziza cyane. Ivugurura filter ya Brita isanzwe, ituma yoroha. Ifite imigozi minini kandi iyungurura neza ku bicuruzwa bimara igihe kirekire ariko bihendutse. Ariko uko byagenda kose, menya neza ko uhindura filter buri gihe kugira ngo ubone inyungu nyinshi kandi ugabanye umwanda.
Ubumenyi Buzwi bwatangiye kwandika ku ikoranabuhanga mu myaka irenga 150 ishize. Ubwo twasohoraga inomero yacu ya mbere mu 1872, nta kintu cyitwa "kwandika ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga" cyariho, ariko iyo bibaho, intego yacu yo guhishura isi y'udushya ku basomyi ba buri munsi yasobanuraga ko twese twari muri . PopSci ubu yiyemeje gufasha abasomyi gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho biri kwiyongera ku isoko.
Abanditsi bacu n'abanditsi bacu bafite uburambe bw'imyaka myinshi mu bijyanye no gusesengura no gusuzuma ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoreshwa n'abaguzi. Twese dufite ibyo dukunda - kuva ku majwi meza kugeza ku mikino ya videwo, kamera n'ibindi - ariko iyo dutekereje ku bikoresho bitari mu modoka yacu, dukora uko dushoboye kose kugira ngo tubone amajwi n'ibitekerezo byizewe kugira ngo dufashe abantu guhitamo inama nziza. Tuzi ko tutazi byose, ariko twishimiye kugerageza uburyo isesengura rishobora guterwa no guhaha kuri interineti kugira ngo abasomyi batabikora.